粪肥对苏打盐碱地土壤有机碳组分特征的影响

Effect of Manure Fertilization on Soda Saline-Alkali Soil in Western Jilin Province

【目的】通过田间试验,研究牛粪和羊粪等碳量施用对吉林省西部苏打盐碱土的改良和培肥效果,为揭示苏打盐碱土有机培肥机制、科学培肥苏打盐碱土壤提供依据。【方法】于2017年开始在吉林省白城市镇赉县典型苏打盐碱土地区进行田间试验,设3个处理:对照(不施用粪肥)、牛粪和羊粪,对试验设置的土壤pH值、可溶盐总量及其组成、交换性钠含量、阳离子交换量和有机碳各组分进行含量测定与结果分析。【结果】与对照处理相比,施用2种粪肥对土壤pH值、水稳性团聚体粒径分布和平均重量直径没有显著的影响;施用牛粪使土壤总有机碳、水溶性有机碳和胡敏素碳含量分别增加27.2%、55.6%和36.8%,羊粪则分别增加了52.8%、122%和82.1%;施用2种粪肥可以显著提高水稳性团聚体有机碳含量;与施用牛粪相比,施用羊粪条件下土壤具有更高的全盐量、交换性钠、阳离子交换量、总有机碳、水溶性有机碳、胡敏酸碳、胡敏素碳、水稳性团聚体碳、烷基碳和芳香碳比例以及烷基碳/烷氧碳和疏水碳/亲水碳比值,同时具有更低的碱化度、烷氧碳和羧基碳比例以及脂族碳/芳香碳比值。【结论】施用粪肥能够提高土壤有机碳及其组分的含量,同时改善土壤有机质品质,但短期内对于土壤结构性没有改善作用;施用羊粪对于降低土壤碱化程度和提高土壤有机碳含量的效果更为明显,而施用牛粪则更有利于提高土壤有机质的品质,两者的合理配施将会促进苏打盐碱土的改良和肥力提升。

【Objective】Applications of cattle and sheep manures for fertilization on soda saline-alkali soil in western Jilin Province were compared.【Methods】Started in 2017 a field experiment for the fertilization study was carried out on a typical soda saline-alkali land in Zhenlai County,Baicheng City,Jilin Province.Three treatments including control and the uses of cattle or sheep dung on the randomly selected lots were designed to generate information on the pH,total soluble salts,exchangeable sodium content,cation exchange capacity,and organic carbon content in soil for the comparison.【Results】The application of either cow or sheep manure had no significant effect on soil pH,particle size distribution and mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates.However,cow manure rose the total organic carbon,water-soluble organic carbon,and humus carbon by 27.2%,55.6%,and 36.8%,respectively,while sheep manure 52.8%,122%,and 82.1%,respectively.Both applications significantly increased the organic carbon in the water-stable aggregates.However,the total salt,exchangeable sodium,cation exchange capacity,total organic carbon,water-soluble organic carbon,humic acid carbon,humus carbon,water-stable agglomeration body,and ratios of alkyl/aromatic carbon,alkyl/alkoxy carbon,and hydrophobic/hydrophilic carbon were higher,but the alkalinity,and alkoxy/carboxyl carbon and aliphatic/aromatic carbon ratios lower,in the soil fertilized with sheep manure than cow manure.【Conclusion】The application of cow or sheep manure increased the contents and enriched the components of organic carbons and also improved the quality of organic matters in soil.It did not significantly alter the soil structure in the short term,however.Sheep dung was more effective in ameliorating the soil degradation and in increasing the soil organic carbon,whereas cow manure more conducive to improving the quality of organic matters.Thus,using both materials simultaneously could maximize the effect on soda saline-alkali soil.