传统村落景观基因遗传信息的储存、表达及其旅游价值--以湖南省常宁市中田村为例

The Storage,Expression,and Tourism Value of the Genetic Information of Traditional Village Landscape:A Case Study of Zhongtian Village of Changning City,Hunan Province

与生物学基因依靠碱基对的排列组合储存遗传信息(DNA双螺旋结构)类似,景观基因通过遗传信息的有序排列组合来储存文化信息,并按一定的路径传递,实现独特景观的表达。文章基于生物遗传学视角,从景观基因的内涵与实质中提炼出主导、传承、归因、依附、尺度、意象六大遗传信息,并以此开展了对国家级传统村落湖南省常宁市中田村文化因子遗传及其景观意象表达的实证研究。研究发现:(1)中田村景观基因识别为建筑石墙、半月形水系以及独特的平面布局形态;(2)遗传信息既可用于检验景观基因的识别结果,也有助于排除识别过程中的干扰项,具有重要科学价值;(3)中田村景观基因遗传信息的储存方式与表达路径的探索,为景观基因的识别、传承与旅游利用提供了新思路。景观基因理论可以在遗产旅游地意象建构、传统乡村旅游地规划和文化旅游地景观修复中发挥积极的作用。

Biological genes rely on the arrangement and combination of base pairs to store genetic information.Similarly,landscape genes store cultural information through an ordered structure of genetic information and express the characteristics of the landscape according to a specific transmission path.Based on the perspective of genetics,this article summarizes six pieces of genetic information—dominance,inheritance,attribution,attachment,scale,and image—from the connotation of landscape genes and conducts a case study of the heredity of cultural factors and the expression of the image in Zhongtian Village.The results show that:(1)The stone walls of buildings,the half-moon-shaped water,and the distinctive form of the geographical layout are the landscape genes of Zhongtian Village;(2)The genetic information can be used to examine the recognition results of landscape genes and eliminate interference items in the identification process,which is valuable in science;(3)The storage and expression of genetic information in the landscape genes of Zhongtian Village are also revealed in this study,which facilitates the production of a new means for the identification,inheritance,and tourism utilization of landscape genes.The study posits that landscape gene theory can play an active role in heritage tourism image construction,rural tourism planning,and cultural tourism landscape restoration.