苗族古歌的传承方式及面临的挑战与对策

On the Inheritance Methods of the Ancient Songs of Miao Ethic Group,the Challenges before It and Its Countermeasures

苗族古歌是一种以创世为主体内容的诗体神话,俗称“古歌”或“古歌古词”,2006年被国务院列为第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录,被称为苗族古代社会的“百科全书”。它的主要传承方式有家族传承、拜师学习传承与社会传承三种。在经济全球化冲击下的今天,苗族古歌的传承与保护受到了空前的挑战,处在濒临失传的危险境地。要拯救这一优秀的民族文化,需要加大对苗族古歌传承人的保护与宣传力度,真正关注与关心苗族古歌传承人,同时保护苗族古歌传承所赖以依托的文化生态。

Miao ancient songs,a kind of poetic myth with creation as the main content,commonly known as"ancient songs"or"ancient songs and ancient words",and listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list by the State Council,is called the"encyclopedia"of ancient Miao society.They are inherited mainly through family inheritance,apprenticeship learning inheritance and social inheritance.Under the impact of economic globalization today,the inheritance and protection of Miao ancient songs are facing unprecedented challenges of being lost.To save this excellent national culture,we should strengthen the protection and publicity of the inheritors of Miao ancient songs,and truly care for them;and we must protect the cultural ecology on which the inheritance of Miao ancient songs relies.