如何借助工具培养学生的计算思维?——基于近十年计算思维干预工具相关的实证研究

How to Cultivate Students'Computational Thinking with Tools:a Review of Empirical Research on Computational Thinking Intervention Tools in the Past Decade

计算思维作为以“问题解决”为核心的思维技能与过程,对促进人的终身发展具有不可替代的重要作用,如何借助工具培养学生计算思维也因此成为研究的重要问题。通过检索并分析2011—2021年间公开发表的62篇计算思维干预工具的相关实证研究,本文发现,计算思维干预工具主要分为编程学习工具、机器人学习工具和非数字干预工具三种,适用于不同年龄的学习者,但在设计、选择或运用时应当考虑学习者文化背景与学科特点等因素;此外,三种不同干预工具的成效难以一一进行比较,但在某些条件下混合运用能更好地促进学生计算思维的发展。因此,未来国内计算思维干预工具的研究与实践,应当全面研究不同类型的干预工具,探索不同干预工具的适用范围,并自主研发更加丰富多样的干预工具来构建更为有效的计算思维学习环境。

Computational thinking,as a thinking skill and process with problem solving at the core,plays an irreplaceable role in promoting people's lifelong development.Therefore,how to cultivate students'computational thinking with the help of tools has become an important issue in research.By searching and analyzing 62 empirical studies on computational thinking intervention tools published from 2011 to 2021,this paper finds that computational thinking intervention tools are mainly divided into programming,robot and non-digital intervention tools.They are suitable for learners of different ages,but factors such as learners'cultural background and subject characteristics should be considered in the design,choice and application.In addition,it is difficult to compare the effectiveness of the three different intervention tools,but under some conditions,the combination of these intervention tools can better promote the development of students'computational thinking.Therefore,for the future research and practice of domestic computational thinking intervention tools,we should comprehensively study different types of intervention tools,explore the application scope of different intervention tools,and independently develop more diverse intervention tools to build a more effective computational thinking learning environment.