我国民族基础教育政策的发展历程、演进逻辑及未来走向

The Development Process,Evolution Logic and Future Trend of Ethnic Basic Education Policy in China

中华人民共和国成立以来,我国民族基础教育政策的发展经历了四个阶段:一是以加快发展初等教育为前提的初始起步阶段,二是以实施九年义务教育为重点的恢复调整阶段,三是以实现教育协调发展为目标的加速追赶阶段,四是以寻求民族特色发展为根本的融合发展阶段。在政策演进过程中,逐渐呈现出以管理体制变迁为核心的政策动力机制,从“社会本位”向“个人本位”转变的政策价值取向,以运用多种政策工具为手段的实施过程保障,以政治学话语与经济学话语为主导的政策话语规则。未来我国民族基础教育政策应呈现出“两团体”统一协作为原则的政策动力机制,多元视角的政策价值取向,多种政策工具有机结合的实施过程保障,多方参与的政策话语体系。

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,the development of China's ethnic basic education policy has experienced the initial stage on the premise of speeding up the development of primary education,the recovery and adjustment stage focusing on the implementation of nine-year compulsory education,the accelerated catch-up stage with the goal of realizing the coordinated development of education,and the stage of integrated development based on seeking development of ethnic characteristics.In the process of policy evolution,it gradually presents the policy dynamic mechanism with the change of management system as the core,the policy value orientation from"social standard"to"individual standard",the guarantee of implementation process by means of various policy tools,and the policy discourse rules dominated by political discourse and economic discourse.In the future,the policy of basic education for ethnic minorities in China should present the policy dynamic mechanism based on the principle of unity and cooperation of"two groups",the policy value orientation from multiple perspectives,the guarantee of the implementation process of the organic combination of various policy tools,and the policy discourse system of multi-participation.