朱熹理学对王阳明前期思想进路的影响

The Influence of ZHU Xi's Neo-Confucianism on WANG Yangming's Early Thought

阳明心学的发展是一个完整的过程,呈现出明显的阶段性。若以“龙场悟道”为界,探究王阳明前期思想进路的历程是无法绕开朱熹理学的。王阳明从前期探究朱熹理学到“龙场悟道”的转折,其思想的前后变化具有内在的必然性。正因为王阳明对朱熹理学有二十余年的潜心钻研,才有可能发现朱熹理学在学术思想上存在的某种缺陷与不足,这就成了王阳明在学理上标新立异的逻辑前提及创立新说的切入点。在阳明心学创立之前,王阳明受朱熹理学的影响主要表现在:一是当时学风的熏染,二是余姚地域文化传统的潜移默化,三是姚江秘图山王氏家学传统的浸润等。就王阳明而言,主要是受朱熹“天理”观、“修身”观的影响,这可从王阳明所撰的《山东乡试录》程文中得到明证。阳明心学并非作为朱熹理学的对立面而存在,更不是对朱熹理学的反对,两者之间在学理上仍有诸多同质性的联系。两者的差异主要在于学术思想认识路径上的分歧,而非道德伦理目的追求上的分野,这也成为“朱王会通”在学理上的逻辑基础和学术研究深化的前提。

The development of Wang Yangming's School of Mind is a complete process with distinctive stages.As"Longchang Enlightenment"marked the division between his early and later thoughts,the analysis of his early philosophical evolution was connected to Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism.Wang Yangming's transition from the early exploration of Zhu Xi's philosophy to"Longchang Enlightenment"had inherent inevitability.As he devoted himself to the study of Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism for more than 20 years,he was finally able to discover certain flaws and deficiencies in Zhu's Neo-Confucianism in academic thought,which became the logical premise of his unconventional academic theory,as well as the starting point for new philosophy.Before the founding of Yangming's School of Mind,he was influenced by Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism mainly in the following aspects:the influence of the study style at that time,the infiltration of Yuyao regional cultural traditions,and the infiltration of Wang's family tradition in Mitu Mountain of Yaojiang.He was mainly influenced by Zhu Xi's concept of"nature's law"and"self-development",which can be clearly proved from his article"Shandong Township Examination Record".Yangming's School of Mind,neither the opposite of Zhu Xi's philosophy,nor the opposition against Zhu Xi's philosophy,had many homogeneous connections with Zhu's philosophy.The differences between their theories lies mainly in the differences in the access path of academic ideology,rather than in the pursuit of moral goals,which has also become the logical basis of the fusion of their theories in academic theory and the premise of deepening academic research.