日粮中添加蓝藻粉对崇仁麻鸡肠道菌群结构的影响

Effects of Cyanobacteria Powder in Diet on Intestinal Microflora Structure of Chongren Partridge Chicken

选取了34日龄的崇仁麻鸡为研究对象,以蓝藻粉替代基础日粮中不同比例(分别替代0(CB组)、10%(CL组)、20%(CM组)、50%(CH组))的豆粕饲喂35 d后,无菌操作每组取10只鸡的盲肠内容物,充分混匀后,采用MiSeq测序技术对盲肠内容物中细菌群落结构组成进行了分析。结果显示,崇仁麻鸡肠道中微生物在门水平上主要以拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门为主;在属水平上,拟杆菌属丰度最大,其次是互养菌属、乳杆菌属。CL组中厚壁菌门细菌数量有所增加,拟杆菌门/厚壁菌门细菌比例下降,肠道内乳杆菌等有益微生物数量增加,脱硫弧菌等有害微生物数量降低,而CM组和CH组中脱硫弧菌等有害细菌数量却大幅度增加,且CH组中还出现了其特有的Akkermansia属细菌。结果表明,饲粮中添加蓝藻粉会改变崇仁麻鸡肠道菌群的物种多样性,适量(≤10%)的添加对盲肠菌群结构有所改善,可提高厚壁菌门细菌数量,降低拟杆菌门/厚壁菌门细菌比例,增加肠道内乳杆菌等有益微生物的数量,降低脱硫弧菌等有害微生物的数量;中高剂量的蓝藻粉则导致了某些机会致病菌的出现,增加了肠道菌群相关疾病的诱发机会。

In this experiment,34-day-old chicken was uses as the research object,and four treatments were set as follows:low-dose group(10%soybean meal was replaced,CL),medium-dose group(20%soybean meal was replaced,CM),high-dose group(50%soybean meal was replaced,CH)and control group(not be replaced,CB).Cecal contents samples of each group(10 chickens)were collected from chickens fed for 35 days.The intestinal microflora structure in cecal contents was analyzed by MiSeq Illumina system.The result showed that Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria and Synergistetes were dominant in the intestinal tract of Chongren partridge chicken.At the genus level,Bacteroides were the most abundant,followed by Synergistes and Lactobacillus.Low dose of cyanobacteria powder can increase the number of Firmicutes,reduce the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio,increase the number of beneficial microorganisms such as Lactobacillus in the intestine,and reduce the number of harmful microorganisms such as Desulfovibrio which increased significantly in CM and CH groups.Akkermansia was also found in CH group only.In conclusion,cyanobacteria powder can change the bacterial diversity of intestinal flora of Chongren partridge chicken.Low dose substitution can improve the structure of the chicken’s cecal microflora,increase the number of Firmicutes and reduce the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio.It can also increase the number of intestinal Lactobacillus and other beneficial microbes,and reduce the amount of harmful microorganisms such as Desulfovibrio.However,medium and high doses of cyanobacteria powder resulted to the emergence of some opportunistic pathogens,which can increase the risk of intestinal diseases in Chongren partridge chicken.