作为一种地方性自我实践的解释?——对斯坦利·费什法律解释理论的检视和批判

An Interpretation of a Local Contextual Self Practice--A Critical Study of Stanley Fish’s Legal Interpretation Theory and Its Philosophical Basis

为了思考和证成法律解释的合理性和正当性,学者们逐渐将关注的焦点从传统的对“法律表达的意义”探寻转向对“法律意义的表达”的机理洞察,在如何对待法律文本、解释法律材料、确定法律含义这一基本方法论问题上展开讨论甚至争论,其中以美国跨界学者斯坦利·费什的奥妙解说和精巧论证尤为突出,颇受学界关注。费什的法律解释理论以“解释共同体”概念为核心,包含读者反应论、听众说服论和解释的有限意图主义等内容,背后蕴含深刻哲理。要准确理解斯坦利·费什,体会其思想之精妙并发现其中所存在的问题,须对其法律解释理论及其哲学基础做出全面检视和深入批判。

In order to consider and justify the rationality and legitimacy of legal interpretation,in recent years,scholars have gradually shifted their focus from the traditional exploration of“the meaning of legal expression”to the mechanism of“expression of legal meaning”.They have discussed or even argued about the basic methodological issues of how to treat legal texts,how to interpret legal materials,and how to determine the legal meaning.Among them,the esoteric explanation and elaborate argument by American interdisciplinary scholar Stanley Fish have attracted much attention and controversy in academic circles.Fish’s theory of legal interpretation is centered on the concept of“interpretive community”,including reader response theory,audience persuasion theory,and limited intentionalism of interpretation.It is easy to be confused or even misunderstood because of the profound philosophy behind it.To understand Fish accurately,we must concentrate our critical reflections on his philosophical basis,that is,his conception of context-embedded-self,anti-foundationalism epistemology and his view on the role of theory,tracing his source of thoughts and his logic of argumentation.