东北地区养殖淡水鱼有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留及健康风险评价

Investigation and risk assessment of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in cultured freshwater fish,Northeast China

为考察中国东北地区养殖淡水鱼鱼体内有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药的残留情况,利用气相色谱法分析了东北地区24家渔场养殖淡水鱼体内的20种农药残留水平,并采用危险系数法(THQ)评价了农药的潜在健康风险。在采集的284份样品中,检出α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH、p,p'-DDE、o,p'-DDT、p,p'-DDT、六氯苯、七氯、异狄氏剂、氯氰菊酯-Ⅲ和狄试剂12种农药,而p,p'-DDD、氯氰菊酯-Ⅰ、氯氰菊酯-Ⅱ、氯氰菊酯-Ⅳ、氰戊菊酯、溴氰菊酯、艾试剂和氯丹8种未检出。其中,检出率较高的为七氯(98.94%),六氯苯(84.15%)和β-HCH(78.17%);检出含量最高的为氯氰菊酯-Ⅲ(19.13μg/kg)。4种鱼类体内农药残留总量排序为:鲫(Carassius auratus)>草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)>鲤(Cyprinus carpio)>鳙(Aristichthys nobilis),鲫检出含量在5.56~191.58μg/kg之间。健康风险评价结果表明,检出农药的THQ值均远小于1,调查的养殖淡水鱼有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留水平在安全范围内。

In order to investigate organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues of cultured freshwater fish in northeast China,a total of 20 pesticide residues in cultured freshwater fish from 24 fish farms were analyzed by gas chromatography.Target Hazard Quotient(THQ)value was used for potential health risk assessment of pesticides.Among the collected 284 samples,12 kinds of pesticides including OCPs,α-HCH,β-HCH,γ-HCH,δ-HCH,p,p'-DDE,o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDT,hexachlorobenzene,heptachlor,endrin,cypermethrin-Ⅲand dieldrin were detected,while the other 8 kinds of pesticides covering p,p'-DDD,cypermethrin-Ⅰ,cpermethrin-Ⅱ,cypermethrin-Ⅳ,fenvalerate,deltamethrin,aldrin and chlordan were not detected.Heptachlor,hexachlorobenzene andβ-HCH were the most frequently detected 3 pesticides with the detected rate of 98.94%,84.15%and 78.17%,respectively.Cypermethrin-Ⅲwas found with maximum residue of 19.13μg/kg.The total residue of pesticides in 4 kinds of fish was ranked as crucian>grass carp>carp>bighead carp,among which the pesticide residues in crucian were in range of 5.56~191.58μg/kg.The THQ values of detected pesticides were all less than 1,indicating that the residues of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in cultured freshwater fish from Northeast China were within safe levels.