殷墟戚家庄商代制玉手工业遗存及相关问题

On the Qijiazhuang jade workshop of the Shang Dynasty at Yinxu

殷墟戚家庄晚商制玉手工业作坊遗址出土的工具和原料、产品等,表明其生产范围包括玉石器、骨角器、蚌蛤器等,甚至还有贝螺加工。戚家庄晚商墓地与制玉手工业作坊同处一地,属于制玉手工业者家族墓地,主要从事玉石器、骨蚌器加工生产。家族内部成员之间政治地位和经济地位互有差异,其社会地位高低不同。普通工匠依靠手艺,获取基本生活资料甚至可观财富。戚家庄商代手工业者家族以■(■)、箙为徽号,形象地反映了其家族职业之主要特色。

The Qijiazhuang jade workshop at Yinxu dated to the late Shang period.The unearthed tools,raw materials and products indicate manufacture of jade and stone artifacts,bone tools and shells tools,as well as mother-of-pearl decorations.The Qijiazhuang cemetery of the late Shang period was located in the same space with the jade workshop,which should have belonged to the jade production lineage.They mainly engaged with the manufacture of jade and stone artifacts,together with bone and shell tools.Political and economic hierarchical differences could be observed within the lineage.The craftsmen could make a living and even obtain significant wealth.The lineage insignia of the Qijiazhuang lineage could reflect their professional characteristic.