五代墓葬形制研究

On the Five-Dynasties burial space

五代时期的墓葬形制可分为方形砖(石)室墓、圆形砖室墓和土洞墓三类。方形砖室墓和圆形墓室代表了唐王朝中央与河北藩镇对抗的格局,随着北地各政权入主中原,五代墓葬形制呈现出族属融合的面貌,圆形墓室在五代后期逐渐成为高等级墓葬的主要形制,“凹”字形棺床和“一桌二椅”的装饰风格亦是重要表征。五代墓葬存在较多的僭越现象,随着社会制度的变革,等级秩序开始重组,庶人葬制开始提升,富民阶层正式纳入到国家丧葬等级序列之中,圆形砖雕壁画墓的普遍流行代表了这一趋势的形成。五代墓葬承袭了唐代葬制的特征,并对北宋墓葬制度产生了重要影响。

Burials of the Five Dynasties consisted of three types,which are the square-shaped stone/brick tomb,the circular brick tomb and the earth pit tomb.The first two types represented the conflicts and confrontations between the central authority of the Tang Dynasty and the military polity in Hebei.While the northern polities expanded into the Central Plains,the fusion of different ethnic groups appeared in the burial system of the Five Dynasties.The circular one gradually became the main structure for burials of the high elites.The style of a coffin bed in a concave shape and a desk with two chairs also became indicative of high status.Arrogation was common in the Five-Dynasties burials.After transformations in social institutions,the hierarchical order started being re-organized.The civilian burials increased,while the wealthy ones were enrolled into the state mortuary hierarchy.The popularity of the circular burial was part of the trend.The Five-Dynasties burials inherited from the Tang system and influenced that of the Northern Song Dynasty.