超声引导下阻滞麻醉用于髋部骨折手术患者的研究进展

Research Progress of Ultrasound Guided Block Anesthesia in Patients with Hip Fracture Surgery

髋部骨折引起的疼痛可兴奋交感神经,导致多种激素释放入血,加重心血管负担,引起血流动力学改变,甚至不良心血管事件。因此,髋部骨折手术患者的疼痛管理十分必要,利于减轻手术刺激,发挥镇痛,减轻应激反应的效果,对患者的术后康复具有重要意义。超声引导下阻滞麻醉是通过超声可视化定位技术,具有可视和无创的特点,可清晰显示麻醉区域的解剖结构,在髋部骨折手术患者中应用广泛,包括髂筋膜间隙阻滞、髋关节囊周围神经阻滞、腰丛神经阻滞、股神经阻滞等,各种阻滞麻醉的镇痛效果、安全性等均有各自优势。

The pain caused by hip fracture can excite the sympathetic nerve,lead to the release of a variety of hormones into the blood,increase the cardiovascular burden,cause hemodynamic changes,and even adverse cardiovascular events.Therefore,pain management of patients with hip fracture surgery is very necessary,which is conducive to reducing surgical stimulation,exerting the effect of analgesia and reducing stress response,and is of great significance to the postoperative rehabilitation of the patients.Ultrasound guided block anesthesia is a visual and non-invasive technique through ultrasound visual positioning,which can clearly display the anatomical structure of the anesthesia area and is widely used in hip fracture surgery,including iliac fascia compartment block,hip joint capsule peripheral nerve block,lumbar plexus block,femoral nerve block,etc.,each with their own advantages in terms of analgesic effect and safety.