深度伪造内容著作权侵权问题研究

Copyright Infringement by Deepfakes

深度伪造技术利用人工智能深度学习改变现有音视频或图像内容,生成换脸或场景更改的新音视频或图像,这一行为可能侵犯原音视频或图像著作权。本文以深度伪造内容著作权侵权为切入点,运用实质性相似、转换性合理使用、改编权范围、平台侵权责任等著作权理论详细分析深度伪造内容是否侵权,能否落入合理使用范畴,是否受著作权保护,技术提供者、深度伪造内容制作者、传播者是否以及如何承担侵权责任四个问题,并提出对应结论和建议,以期为深度伪造技术的良性运用提供著作权理论支撑。

Deepfake technology uses artificial intelligence and deep learning to change the existing audio/video or image content and generate new audio/video or image with face swap or scene change.It may infringe copyright of the original audio/video or image.Taking the copyright infringement of deepfakes as the starting point and basing on copyright theories such as substantial similarity,transformative use,scope of right of adaptation,and infringement liability of platforms,this paper analyzes in detail four issues,including whether deepfakes infringe copyright,whether defense of fair use or copyright exceptions works,whether newly generated deepfakes can be protected by copyright,and how deepfake technology providers,deepfakes producers and disseminators bear the infringement liability.This paper fi nally puts forward corresponding conclusions and suggestions in order to provide copyright theoretical support for the benign application of deepfake technology.