新近国际知识产权规则发展的法理基础--偏离功利主义的非理性与破解

On Legal Theories of Develpment of International Intellectual Property Rules--Irrationality and Solution of Deviation from Utilitarianism

“财产权劳动理论”与功利主义是解释知识产权正当性的两种路径,前者只能推导出财产所有权,后者则能解释期限性、条件性、地域性、可限制性和刑事救济谦抑性等知识产权制度特点。新近发展表明,国际知识产权越来越趋近“财产权劳动理论”下的权利形态——所有权,偏离了功利主义的法理基础。这是在违背国际主流意志的情况下,对功利主义的价值偷换,与人类共同利益背道而驰。应对这种非理性的发展趋势,须根据各类知识产权的特点,分别确定适宜的法理基础,使“财产权劳动理论”与功利主义在国际知识产权规则内调和、共存。

Labor-property theory and utilitarianism are two ways to explain the legitimacy of intellectual property.The former can only deduce the perfect ow nership of property,while the latter can explain the characteristics of intellectual property system,such as time-limited,conditionality,regionality,restrictiveness and modesty of criminal relief.The recent development shows that international intellectual property rights are more and more close to the right form of ownership under the labor-property theory,which deviates from the legal basis of utilitarianism.This is a sneak exchange of the value of utilitarianism against the will of the international mainstream,which runs counter to the common interests of mankind.To deal with this irrational development trend,we must determine the appropriate legal basis according to the characteristics of various intellectual property rights,so as to make the labor-property theory and utilitarianism reconcile and coexist in the international intellectual property rules.