有一定影响的商品名称反不正当竞争保护司法实证分析

An Empirical Analysis on the Unfair Competition Judicial Protection of Commodity Names with Certain Infl uence

擅自使用与他人有一定影响的商品名称相同或近似的标识,容易导致相关公众混淆,构成不正当竞争行为。有一定影响的商品名称是指具备识别商品来源的显著特征,经过使用产生一定市场知名度、为相关公众所知悉的商品名称。商品名称的知名度源于识别商品来源的使用,限定了受反不正当竞争保护的商品名称范围,也影响着商品名称使用行为的正当性评价,是建构商品名称使用竞争秩序的关键。司法实践中存在有一定影响的商品名称范畴不清、忽视识别商品来源属性、知名度认定混乱和专有权保护法律适用路径依赖等问题。立足商品名称识别商品来源属性,科学界定有一定影响的商品名称,规范认定商品名称使用行为,审慎评价竞争行为正当与否,为在先使用、描述性使用等正当使用留足必要空间。

Unauthorized use the same or similar marks with commodity name s of others that have a certain influence,can easily cause confusion among the relevant public,constitut e acts of unfair competition.A commodity name with certain influence refers to a commodity name that has distinctive features of distinguishing the source of goods,has generated certain market popularity after use,and is known to the relevant publi c.The influence of commodity names comes from use of identifying goods source,limiting the scope of anti unfair com petition protection,and also af fecting legitimacy evaluation of commodity names use,which is the core of constructing the competition order of commodity names use.There are some problems in judicial practice,such as unclear category of a commodity name,ignore the attribute of identifying source of goods,confusion of popularity determination and path dependence of exclusive right protection.We should base on the attributes of identifying source of goods,scientifically define commodity names with certain influence,normatively verify the behavior of commodity names use,carefully measure the legitimacy of competitive behavior,and leave suffi cient spaces for the proper use of commodity names such as prior use and descriptive use.