楼兰文书所见泰始年间西域史事——以“马厉文书”为线索的考察

The History of Western Regions in Taishi years from Loulan Documents:An Investigation Based on the“Ma Li’s Documents”

楼兰文书中有17件文书属于“马厉文书”范畴。“马厉文书”与楼兰文书中的“李柏文书”“张超济文书”相较有独特价值:其一,马厉虽自署“楼兰贱甥”,实为酒泉人。马厉西晋泰始六年任从掾位,“统楼兰”,继而可揭示出汉晋间河西大族对于西域边防的重要作用;其二,通过编年系联法研究“马厉文书”相关人物可知,泰始六年前后西域长史府因河西鲜卑秃发树机能“凉州之乱”影响而渐于崩坏,即楼兰文书中所反映的西域长史府官职异动、粮食持续减少、“羌”民等问题。

Seventeen Loulan documents that have been found belong to the“Ma Li’s documents”.Compared with the“Li Bai’s Documents”and the“Zhang Chaoji’s Documents”,the“Ma Li’s Documents”has its unique value.First of all,although Ma Li claimed that he was“Lou Lan Jian Sheng”(楼兰贱甥),he actually came from Jiuquan.Ma Li had served as Cong-yuan-wei(从掾位)in the sixth year of Taishi(270 A.D.),from which we can know the importance of Hexi(河西)Area’s hereditary preponderant clans on border defense in the Western Regions during Han and Jin Dynasty.Secondly,the“Ma Li’s documents”revealed that the Chief Office in the Western Regions(西域长史府)had been influenced by the chaos in Liangzhou(凉州之乱),which can be proved by the abnormal changes in official positions in the Chief Office,the continuous reduction of food as well as the problem of“Qiang”(羌)in the Western Regions.