294份花生品种落荚性状的评价鉴定

Evaluation and Identification of Pod Abscission in 294 Peanut Varieties

花生落荚性是指成熟后荚果脱落的难易程度,主要与果柄-荚果和果柄-茎秆的断裂力有关。为了探究不同花生品种的落荚性状的差异性,本试验对294份花生品种在鲜花生时和晾晒4 d后果柄-荚果和果柄-茎秆断裂力进行系统的测量和统计分析。结果表明,不同花生品种的果柄-荚果与果柄-茎秆断裂力存在显著差异。294份花生品种在鲜花生和晾晒4 d后果柄-荚果断裂力变幅分别为2.07~20.07 lb、1.73~9.64 lb,果柄-茎秆断裂力的变幅分别为2.21~22.86 lb、1.90~11.25 lb,花生品种在刚收获时果柄-茎秆断裂力的变幅最大。落荚性状与主茎高度、单株果数相关性不显著。分别筛选出鲜花生和干燥后落荚特性适中的花生品种9份和20份,为下一步培育适合机械化收获的花生新品种打下基础。

The peanut pod abscission ability,which is the difficulty of pod shedding after maturity,is mainly related to the fracture force of gynophore-pod and gynophore-stem.In order to explore the variation of pod abscission among different peanut varieties,the fracture force of gynophore-pod and gynophore-stem of 294 genotypes were systematically measured and analysed at the beginning of harvest and after drying for 4 days in this experiment.The results showed that there were significant differences in fracture force of gynophore-pod and gynophore-stem among different peanut varieties.The variation of the gynophore-pod fracture force among 294 germplasms at the beginning of harvest and after drying for 4 days were 2.07-20.07 lb and 1.73-9.64 lb respectively,while the variation of the gynophore-stem fracture force was 2.21-22.86 lb and 1.90-11.25 lb respectively.The variation of gynophore-stem fracture force was observed at the beginning of harvest.The correlation between the characteristics of pod abscission and the main stem height and the number of pods per plant was not significant.Nine and 20 peanut varieties with suitable pod abscission ability after harvest and drying were screened respectively,which laid elite germplasm resource to breed new varieties of peanuts suitable for mechanized harvesting.