打破滨豇豆和海刀豆种子休眠的方法比较

Comparison of different seed scarification methods for breaking dormancy of seeds of Vigna marina and Canavalia rosea

为了选出既能破除滨豇豆[Vigna marina(Burm.)Merr.]和海刀豆[Canavalia rosea(Sw.)DC.]的种皮、打破种子休眠,又不影响种子正常萌发的方法,笔者分别用机械切割、热水(80℃)浸泡、液氮浸泡及硫酸浸泡的方法处理滨豇豆和海刀豆种子。结果表明:机械切割、热水(80℃)浸泡、硫酸浸泡及液氮浸泡处理对打破滨豇豆种子休眠、促进其种子发芽都有显著效果,相对于其他3种处理,热水(80℃)浸泡成本低、易操作,可作为促进滨豇豆萌发的主要措施。对于海刀豆,种皮厚度是造成其萌发困难的主要原因,硫酸处理和机械切割能有效破坏种皮,对提高海刀豆的发芽率有着显著作用,相对于硫酸处理,机械切割成本低且易操作,可作为促进海刀豆萌发的主要措施。

Beachpea(Vigna marina(Burm.)Merr.)and bay bean(Canavalia rosea(Sw.)DC.)are high quality forage legumes and ecological improvement plants in coastal saline-alkali land.It is of great significance to improve their propagation.Seed dormancy is a suspension in viable seeds.The morphological structure and physiological characteristics of the seeds of different plants are various,so seed scarification methods for breaking seed dormancy are also different.Seeds of beachpea and bay bean were treated by mechanical scarification(cutting),chemical scarification(with liquid nitrogen and sulfuric acid)and hot water scarification(with hot water at 80°C),respectively to break their dormancy.The results showed that mechanical cutting,dipping in hot water(80°C),and soaking in sulfuric acid and in liquid nitrogen had significant effects on breaking the dormancy of and promoting germination of the beachpea seeds.Compared with the other three treatments,soaking in hot water(80°C)had the lowest cost and is easy to operate,and could be used as the main seed scarification method for pretreatment to break the dormancy of the beachpea seeds.For bay bean,seed coat is thick and hard to break the dormancy of the seeds.Soaking in sulfuric acid and mechanical cutting could effectively scarify seed coat and significantly improve germination rate of the bay bean seeds.Compared with the chemical scarification with sulfuric acid,mechanical cutting was lower in cost and easy to operate,and hence could be used as the main seed scarification method for breaking the dormancy of the bay bean seeds.