虫生真菌防治农作物害虫的研究进展

Advances in the control of crop pests by using entomopathogenic fungi

长期实践证明:化学防治农作物害虫会带来药物残留且会对环境造成不同程度的污染,而生物防治效果更为环保、安全。虫生真菌作为生物防治的重要手段可以在保护原有生态环境的基础上采用一定生物手段合理防控害虫,不仅能促进农业生产的可持续发展,同时保障了我国食品绿色、安全,近年来在防治农作物害虫上发挥了出色的作用。本文分别介绍虫生真菌代表种:白僵菌、绿僵菌、拟青霉、轮枝菌等菌落特征及防治对象,从致病机理和毒力进行综合阐述,并围绕了真菌制剂产品特点、产品创制以及开放利用,系统总结虫生真菌在我国农业生产中的应用进展,旨在为我国的生态安全以及虫生真菌的开发及应用提供参考。

With the rapid development of economy,environmental problems have attracted much attention.Long-term practice has proved that chemical control of crop pests will produce pesticidal residues and cause pollution to the environment to some degrees,whereas biological control is much safer and environment-friendly.Entomopathogenic fungi,as an important biocontrol agent,can rationally control insect pests and protect the original ecological environment.They can not only promote the sustainable development of agricultural production,but also ensure the green production and safety of food in China.In recent years biocontrol has played an excellent role in the prevention and control of crop pests.In this review representative species of entomopathogenic fungi,such as beauveria,metarhizium,paecilamyces and verticillium,were described separately in terms of colony characteristics,control,pathogenesis and virulence,and a progress in application of the entomopathogenic fungi in agriculture in China was reviewed in respect of characteristics of biocontrol products,preparation of biocontrol products and their release for application.This review might provide reference for ecological security and development and application of entomopathogenic fungi in China.