固体推进剂推进及毁伤技术研究进展

Progress on the propulsion and explosion technologies of solid propellants

固体推进剂推进与毁伤一体化技术,可以在战略战术临时更改而导致推进剂未燃尽的情况下,通过起爆固体火箭发动机内的余药,达到提高导弹毁伤效果的目标,具有拓展导弹的战略用途、充分发挥导弹性能和高效利用高附加值资源的意义。目前,受国外的技术封锁,固体推进剂推进与毁伤一体化技术尚有关键技术亟待突破。首先,基于固体推进剂点火后的反应增长过程,提出了固体推进剂在燃烧时可控向爆轰状态转换是实现推进与毁伤一体化技术的关键,其中燃烧转爆轰机理和燃烧性能控制是重要支撑技术。然后,进一步阐述了能量性能控制对固体推进剂推进及毁伤性能的重要作用。最后,提出了采用可控起爆或发动机-战斗部一体化实现固体推进剂推进与毁伤一体化的设想。未来应加强复合含能材料燃烧与爆轰可控转换机理、可控起爆原理及控制方法、发动机-战斗部结构及装药一体化等的研究,以支撑固体推进剂推进与毁伤一体化技术的发展。

The integration technology of propulsion and explosion(ITPE) of solid propellant(SP), which was used for controlling the initiating residual SP as a result of changing military tactical target, was significant in many fields such as enhancing damage effect, broadening strategic purposes and improving performances of weapon, efficient utilization of high valued-added resources. Nowadays, the breakthroughs of many key technologies are urgent due to the blockade on foreign technologies. Firstly, based on the reactive growth process after ignition, the controlled deflagration to detonation transition is a key factor to achieve the ITPE for the SP, where the deflagration to detonation transition(DDT) and control of combustion performance were crucial supporting technologies. Furthermore, the significant influence of energy property control on the performance of propulsions and the damage effects was also described. Finally, tentative ideas of achieving the ITPE for the SP by using controlled initiation or the integration design of rocket motor and warhead were proposed. In order to promote the development of ITPE, research on the mechanism of controlled DDT, the controlled initiation mechanism and methods, the integration structure of rocket motor and warhead, the integration charges of propellant and explosive should be further strengthened.