道德主体的确立与德性生命的展开——《论语·学而》第一章释义

The Establishment of Moral Subject and the Development of Moral Life——Explanation of Chapter 1 of The Analects of Confucius

《论语·学而》第一章是总领全书的纲要,揭示了儒家内圣外王的哲学理路,展现了一种淡泊高远的生命境界与自得于心的生命情感,可谓孔子思想的根本要义之所在。此章三句话分别描述了人生的三种状态,其间存在着相互承接的内在联系,并渐次开显出了孔子为人为学、立身处世的根本原则及其生命状态。其间隐微而深刻的义理构成了《论语》全书思想体系的核心与基点,值得深入探索。

As the outline of the whole book,the first chapter of The Analects of Confucius reveals the Confucian philosophy of"inner sage and outer king"and shows a kind of indifferent and lofty realm of life and the life emotion of being satisfied with the heart,which can be described as the essence of Confucius'thought.The three sentences in this chapter respectively describe the three states of life,among which there is an internal connection between each other,and gradually reveal the basic principles of Confucius'anthropology,setting up one's life and life state.The subtle and profound meanings constitute the core and basic point of the ideological system of the Analects,which is worth further exploration.