光荣与屈辱:明代科举考试官的科场历程

Glory and Humiliation:the Course of the Imperial Examination Officials in Examination Hall during the Ming Dynasty

科举考试官是负责考试出题、阅卷和决定考生去取的重要官员,在科举考试的运转过程中占据着极其重要的地位。明代科举考试官因其职能和卓越贡献而受到人们的尊崇,但从其被任命为考官、在科场中主试、考试揭榜后这一主试过程中所面临的压力和处境来看,也远非常人可以想象。被任命为科举考试官、在科场中恪尽职守、去取得当均是其荣耀的表现;科场中发生的意外事故、科场案则又使其转瞬受辱;科举考试官在科场历程中,实则是在光荣与屈辱之间转换。

The imperial examination officer was an important official who was responsible for setting the questions, marking the papers and deciding the candidates. The imperial examination officials in the Ming dynasty were respected by people for their functions and outstanding contributions, but the pressure and situation they faced in the examination process were far from ordinary people’s imagination. There were glory moments of the examination officials, such as being appointed as an examination official of the imperial examination, fulfilling his duties in the imperial examination field, being fair in talent selection. There were also humiliated moments when accident or cheating cases happened in the imperial field. In the course of the examination, the imperial examination officials were actually in the transition between glory and humiliation.