环境水体及饮用水中微塑料研究进展

Research Progress of Micro Plastics in Environmental Water and Drinking Water

微塑料通常被定义为直径小于5 mm,由高分子聚合物构成的颗粒、纤维和薄膜。其中直径在1~5 mm的被称为大颗粒,小于1 mm的被称为小颗粒。本文简要阐述了水体中微塑料的各种检测方法,包括目视观察法、电子扫描显微镜法、红外光谱法、拉曼光谱法、热分析法,对各种方法的优缺点进行了阐述,其中目视法只适合检测尺寸在几百微米以上的微塑料颗粒,易产生假阳性;电子扫描显微镜法对样品要求高,所以在测定时受到很多限制;红外光谱法可无损扫描整张滤膜上的微塑料颗粒,缺点是水分子易干扰光谱信号;拉曼光谱可对1~20μm尺寸的微塑料较好的检测分析,缺点是微塑料表面附着物易干扰测定;热分析法只适用于500μm以上尺寸的微塑料颗粒,适用范围有限;通过阐述目前常用的各种分析方法,本文可为水体中微塑料检测技术的发展提供一定参考。

Microplastics are generally defined as particles,fibers and films with a diameter of less than 5 mm and composed of polymers.Among them,those with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm are called large particles,and those less than 1 mm are called small particles.This paper briefly elaborates the various detection methods of microplastics in water,including visual observation method,electron scanning microscopy method,infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,thermal analysis method,and elaborates on the advantages and disadvantages of various methods,of which the visual method is only suitable for detecting microplastic particles with a size of more than a few hundred microns,which is easy to produce false positives;electron scanning microscopy has high requirements on samples,so it is subject to many restrictions in the measurement;infrared spectroscopy can non-destructively scan microplastic particles on the entire membrane,the disadvantage is that water molecules are easy to interfere with the spectral signal Raman spectroscopy can be a better detection and analysis of microplastics of 1 to 20μm size,the disadvantage is that the surface adhesions of microplastics are easy to interfere with the determination;the thermal analysis method is only suitable for microplastic particles of more than 500μm size,and the scope of application is limited;by elaborating on the various analytical methods commonly used at present,this paper can provide a certain reference for the development of microplastic detection technology in water bodies.