Dual-modification of manganese oxide by heterostructure and cation pre-intercalation for high-rate and stable zinc-ion storage

Zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)possess great advantages in terms of high safety and low cost,and are regarded as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,limited by the electrochemical kinetics and structural stability of the typical cathode materials,it is still difficult to simultaneously achieve high rates and high cycling stability for ZIBs.Herein,we present a manganese oxide(Sn_(x)Mn O_(2)/Sn O_(2))material that is dual-modified by Sn O_(2)/Mn O_(2)heterostructures and pre-intercalated Sn;cations as the cathode material for ZIBs.Such modification provides sufficient hetero-interfaces and expanded interlayer spacing in the material,which greatly facilitates the insertion/extraction of Zn^(2+).Meanwhile,the“structural pillars”of Sn^(4+) cations and the“pinning effect”of SnO_(2)also structurally stabilizes the Mn O_(2)species during the repeated Zn^(2+) insertion/extraction,leading to ultra-high cycling stability.Due to these merits,the Sn_(x)MnO_(2)/SnO_(2)cathode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 316.1 m Ah g^(-1) at 0.3 A g^(-1),superior rate capability of 179.4 m Ah g^(-1) at 2 A g^(-1),and 92.4%capacity retention after 2000 cycles.Consequently,this work would provide a promising yet efficient strategy by combining heterostructures and cations preintercalation to obtain high-performance cathodes for ZIBs.