关于南阳夏饷铺鄂国墓地的几个问题

Issues on the E State Cemetery at Xiaxiangpu in Nanyang

从南阳夏饷铺鄂国墓地布局和出土资料来看,在M1以东3米左右的位置应该有一座与其同期同组的鄂侯墓葬,即该墓地中的最后一位鄂侯墓。M1及其夫君墓的下葬时间约在公元前680左右或稍早,以此类推,前三组墓的下葬时间当分别在公元前710、735与760年前后,均属于春秋早期。夏饷铺墓地之鄂国当是周厉王在伐灭今随州安居一带的鄂国后,将部分鄂国遗民北迁至今南阳一带安置、监管,在经过较长时间的恢复后逐渐发展而来的。M19所见的鄂侯作孟姬壶,是鄂侯为异姓女子出嫁所作的媵器。

Judging from the cemetery layout and excavated grave goods from Xiaxiangpu in Nanyang, we propose that another tomb, whose tomb occupant may have been one of Marquis of the E State, should be located three meters to the east of tomb M1. The tomb, if confirmed, shall be contemporaneous to M1 and represents the last Marquis of the E State in the same cemetery. Since the lady in tomb M1 and her husband were buried around 680 BC(or slightly earlier), we suggest that the three tombs were buried around 710, 735, and 760 BC, all dated to the early Spring and Autumn period.It is hypothesized that, the E State cemetery at Xiaxiangpu referred to the people who originally lived in the E State(present-day Suizhou) but migrated north, after being defeated by the King Li of Zhou, and eventually settled in present-day Nanyang under the supervision of King Li. The hu-jar unearthed from tomb M19, which was manufactured upon the order of Marquis of the E State, shall belong to the dowry objects that Marquis of the E State ordered for daughter of a concubine.