战国彩绘铜镜探析

Painted Bronze Mirrors of the Warring States Period

战国时期,已出现镜背上带有颜料绘制纹饰的铜镜,本文将其称作彩绘铜镜。目前发现的战国彩绘铜镜多出土于齐、楚和东周王城洛阳的贵族墓葬内,集中于战国中期,战国晚期渐逐衰落,西汉已极少发现,形制、纹饰、工艺既有共性又有明显的地域差异。彩绘铜镜的纹饰有明显的选择性,意在强化辟邪禳灾的功效,反映了灵魂不灭的普遍宇宙观,与战国中后期阴阳家、道家、宗教巫术和神仙方术在齐、楚等地盛行相关。

It was during the Warring States period that bronze mirrors were painted to form decorations on the back of mirror, to which the present paper refers to as painted bronze mirrors. Most painted bronze mirrors of the Warring States period were unearthed from tombs of the nobles of Qi and Chu states as well as those buried in Luoyang, the royal city of the Western Zhou. The use of painted bronze mirrors reached its climax in the middle Warring States and then declined in the late Warring States. By the Western Han, painted bronze mirrors were rare. All painted bronze mirrors discovered thus far share similarities in the shape and form, decoration, and manufacturing technology but they also show intraregional differences. The use of painted bronze mirrors was clearly intentional, which served to hopefully exorcise evil spirits and avoid unfortunate situations. This reflects the universal belief in immortal souls,which should be closely related to the Yin and Yang school, Taoism, religious witchcraft and immortals in Qi and Chu states in the middle and late Warring States.