应用军人膳食平衡指数评价飞行人员膳食质量

Evaluation of dietary quality of flight crew by military diet balance index

目的应用军人膳食平衡指数(DBI)评估飞行人员的膳食质量状况,为飞行人员的膳食指导、营养干预工作提供依据。方法采用称质量法分别对3个空军航空兵部队开展膳食调查,运用军人DBI评分方法评价飞行人员膳食质量。结果被调查飞行人员的食物摄入情况显示,与GJB 826B—2010《军人食物定量》(三类灶部分)进行比较,仅有谷类和大豆类摄入达标,畜肉、禽蛋、植物油和水果摄入超标,其余种类摄入均不达标;蔬菜、菌藻、禽肉、鱼虾类、奶类摄入不足,分别为标准的84.00%、61.68%、54.59%、45.15%和36.99%。与《中国居民膳食指南2016》一般人群推荐摄入量进行比较,食盐摄入超标,添加糖摄入不达标。与GJB 823B—2016《军人营养素供给量》(空勤飞行人员部分)进行比较,锌、维生素A、维生素B1和维生素B2摄入不达标,分别为标准的89.85%、87.53%、69.33%和64.33%;钠、铁和维生素E摄入量超标,分别为标准的232.82%、241.07%和353.77%。三大产能营养素蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的供能比分别为17.44%、43.87%和38.71%,比例明显不均衡,呈“高脂肪、低碳水化合物”模式。飞行人员食物摄入定量研究结果与军人DBI评分基本吻合,军人DBI评分显示,被调查飞行人员存在低度膳食失衡。结论被调查飞行人员膳食结构不合理;部分食物和营养素摄入量不足;军人DBI评分显示膳食结构存在低度膳食失衡。应进一步调整飞行人员膳食结构,同时加强对飞行人员的营养健康教育,促进合理的营养行为。

Objective To evaluate the dietary quality of flight crew by military diet balance index(DBI)and provide basis for their dietary guidance and nutritional intervention.Methods Dietary survey was carried out by weighting method in three air force troops.The dietary quality of flight crew was evaluated by military DBI.Results Compared with GJB826 B-2010(Dietary Ration for Soldier),the intake of cereal and soybean met the standard,the intake of red meat,egg,plant oil and fruit was above the standard,the intake of other kinds of food was below the standard.The intake of vegetable,edible fungus,poultry meat,fish and shrimp,milk was insufficient,reaching 84.00%,61.68%,54.59%,45.15%and 36.99%of the standard respectively.Compared with the recommended intake of the general population in the dietary guidelines for Chinese residents(2016),the intake of salt was over the standard,the intake of added sugar was below the standard.Compared with GJB 823 B-2016(Dietary allowances for military personnel),the intake of zinc,vitamin A,vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 was below the standard,reaching 89.85%87.53%,69.33%and 64.33%of the standard respectively.The intake of sodium,iron and vitamin E was above the standard,reaching 232.82%,241.07%and 353.77%of the standard respectively.The energy supply ratio of protein,fat and carbohydrate was 17.44%,43.87%and 38.71%respectively,which was obviously unbalanced,showing a“high fat and low carbohydrate”pattern.The food quantitative results were basically consistent with the military DBI scores,showing a slight imbalance.Conclusion The dietary pattern of the investigated flight crew was unreasonable;some of the food and nutrients intake were insufficient;the military DBI score showed that the dietary pattern was slightly unbalanced.The dietary pattern should be further adjusted,and the nutritional health education should be strengthened to promote reasonable nutritional behavior.