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滦河干流浮游生物群落结构特征及水质环境评价 被引量:15

Plankton community structure and water quality evaluation in the main stream of the Luanhe River
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摘要 为研究滦河干流浮游生物群落和评价水质状况,对滦河干流河源段、上游段、中游段和下游河口段在两水期的浮游生物群落结构和多样性指数以及水体理化指标进行分析,计算综合污染指数与生物多样性指数综合评价滦河水质,最后利用统计方法研究水体理化指标与浮游生物群落之间关系.结果表明:滦河干流浮游植物以绿藻和硅藻为主,除下游河口段外,其他河段在丰水期的平均密度超过枯水期.浮游动物在丰、枯水期都是以原生动物为主,丰水期在中、下游段平均密度较高,超过1.6×10^(6)个/L,枯水期在上、中和下游段的浮游动物平均密度接近,且丰水期的平均密度高于枯水期.两类浮游生物多样性指数显示滦河干流水质受到中度污染.滦河水体中溶解氧(DO)、五日生化需氧量(BOD_(5))、氨氮(NH_(3)-N)和总磷(TP)浓度均达到了国家地表水体Ⅳ类标准;化学需氧量(COD)浓度在丰水期的中游段和枯水期的下游河口段超过了地表水Ⅳ类标准;水体中总氮(TN)浓度普遍超过Ⅳ类标准,在两个水期中游段和下游河口段均超过了Ⅴ类标准.Pearson相关性分析和冗余分析(RDA)表明滦河干流浮游生物群落结构主要受COD和TN影响.研究发现,滦河水体中含氮化合物浓度较高,水生生物中绿藻和硅藻大量繁殖,耐污染的桡足类在4个河段均有分布,综合水质评价和水生生物评价的结果表明,滦河水体富营养化程度升高,水质污染严重.(图9表11参57) Plankton community structure and water physical and chemical indices were analyzed in the source,upstream,midstream,and downstream reaches of the Luanhe River,in eastern China,during wet and dry seasons.In addition,a pollution index was calculated and integrated with the biodiversity indices to comprehensively evaluate river water quality,and relationships between river physical and chemical indices and plankton communities were examined.The results showed that Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta were the dominant phytoplankton phyla in the mainstream Luanhe River,with average densities higher during the wet season than the dry season in the other stretches,except for downstream.Protozoa were the most abundant zooplankton phyla.During the wet season,average zooplankton densities in the midstream and downstream reaches exceeded 1.6×10^(6) individuals/L.In the dry season,average zooplankton densities in the upstream,midstream,and downstream regions were similar,and lower than in the wet season.Biodiversity indices for the two aquatic organisms indicated that the Luanhe River is moderately polluted.Concentrations of dissolved oxygen(DO),5-day biochemical oxygen demand(BOD_(5)),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)^(-)N),and total phosphorus(TP)were within the national class IV standard for surface water,while COD concentrations exceeded the class IV standard not only in the midstream section in the wet season but also in the downstream segment in the dry season,and TN concentrations generally exceeded class IV and class V standards both in the midstream and downstream segments in the dry and wet seasons.Pearson correlation and RDA analyses indicated that plankton community structure in the main stream of the Luanhe River was primarily affected by COD and TN concentrations.In addition,nitrogen concentrations in the Luanhe River were found to be extremely high,and Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta grew quickly and abundantly,as did widely distributed,pollution-resistant species of Copepoda.Integration of water quality evaluations,plankton diversity indices,and the comprehensive pollution index indicated that the Luanhe River suffers from both high levels of pollution and eutrophication.
作者 程成 申艳萍 袁伟琳 贾晓慧 刘亦博 郭平 CHENG Cheng;SHENG Yanping;YUAN Weilin;JIA Xiaohui;LIU Yibo;GUO Ping(Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education,College of New Energy and Environment,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)
出处 《应用与环境生物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2022年第2期401-412,共12页 Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题(2018ZX07111001)资助。
关键词 滦河干流 丰、枯水期 河段 浮游生物群落结构 水质 生物多样性指数 main stream of Luanhe River wet and dry season river stretch plankton community structure water quality biodiversity index
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