活性污泥丝状菌膨胀生物群落及调控研究进展

Advances in swelling biomes of activated sludge filamentous bacteria and their regulation

活性污泥法是中国乃至世界上最常用的处理污水的方法之一,活性污泥中微生物群落结构是保障污水处理效率的一个重要因素.然而污泥膨胀是全球污水处理厂面临的严重问题,通过深入了解膨胀污泥中微生物群落结构有助于污泥恢复,提高污水处理效率.围绕处理不同污水的膨胀污泥,总结分离到引起污泥膨胀的微生物.其中细菌群落主要来自黄杆菌属、丝硫细属、微丝菌属、束缚杆菌属;真菌群落主要来自毛孢子菌属以及青霉菌属等等.而这些菌落大多数属于丝状菌,所以丝状菌过度繁殖是引起污泥膨胀的重要原因.在污泥膨胀的现象中,有90%是由于丝状菌导致的.基于相关文献分析总结发现,活性污泥会因底物浓度较低、营养物质缺乏、溶解氧浓度较低、硫化物浓度过高以及pH不平衡对其中丝状菌的生长繁殖产生有利影响.通过调控活性污泥运行状况抑制丝状菌繁殖,从而改善污泥膨胀,提高活性污泥的性能以及稳定性.最后结合现状提出未来污泥膨胀研究中应该关注的重点:充分利用生物信息技术深入了解膨胀污泥中微生物功能,并且挖掘抑制污泥膨胀的新菌株和基因新资源,以便于加强对活性污泥的调控,为活性污泥稳定运行和科学管理提供理论依据.(图2表3参87)

The activated sludge method is one of the most commonly used sewage treatment methods in China and worldwide.The microbial community structure in activated sludge is an important factor in ensuring the efficiency of sewage treatment.Sludge bulking is a serious problem faced by sewage treatment plants globally.A thorough understanding of the microbial community structure in bulking sludge can help sludge recovery and improve wastewater treatment efficiency.Focusing on the treatment of bulking sludge from different sewage sources,we summarized and isolated the microorganisms that cause sludge bulking.Among them,the bacterial communities were mainly the genera Flavobacterium,Thiophyllum,Microfilaria,and Bacteroides.The community mainly comprised the genera Trichosporum and Penicillium.Most of these colonies were filamentous bacteria,implicating excessive reproduction of filamentous bacteria as an important cause of sludge bulking.Concerning sludge bulking,90%of the cases were caused by filamentous bacteria.Analysis of relevant literature revealed the beneficial effect of activated sludge on the growth and reproduction of filamentous bacteria due to low substrate concentration,lack of nutrients,low dissolved oxygen concentration,high sulfide concentration,and pH imbalance.By controlling the operation status of activated sludge and inhibiting the growth of filamentous bacteria,sludge bulking and the performance and stability of activated sludge can be improved.Future sludge bulking research should exploit biological information technology to deeply understand the microbial function in bulked sludge,and discover new strains and new genetic resources that inhibit sludge bulking,to strengthen the activated sludge.Regulation of activated sludge provides a theoretical basis for the stable operation and scientific management of activated sludge.