油泥生物堆修复的有机质参数变化研究

Study on Changes of Organic Matter Parameters during the Treatment of Oil Sludge by Field-scale Biopiles

油泥主要是指在石油开采、贮存、储运和冶炼等过程中产生的一种危险性废弃物,堆放过程中所含毒害物质会迁移进入大气、土壤、地表径流及地下水体,对暴露受体造成极大危害。生物堆技术用于油泥处置具有环境扰动小、成本低和无二次污染等优势,该研究以添加秸秆、营养盐、秸秆+营养盐和空白对照4个不同环境因子下运行5 a的油泥生物堆作为研究对象,分析测试了平均吸光度指数、Shannon指数、TOC、TN、C/N、δ^(13)C_(org)和δ^(15)N_(TN)等参数。结果表明:添加秸秆可显著提高秸秆堆和联合堆油泥微生物的代谢活性、多样性及数量,过量投加营养物质会对营养堆油泥微生物代谢活性和多样性形成抑制效应;生物堆运行5 a后,秸秆堆和联合堆油泥石油烃降解率显著提升,TOC含量降低明显;随秸秆堆和联合堆油泥有机质中微生物源有机质占比的增大,致使油泥δ;C;值呈变轻趋势;联合堆油泥微生物主要利用CO(NH;);营养盐作为生命活动的氮元素来源,新合成的微生物源有机质有较重的氮元素组成。

Oil sludge mainly refers to a hazardous waste generated in the process of oil exploitation,storage,transportation and smelting.In the stacking process,the toxic substances contained oil sludge will migrate into the atmosphere,soil,surface runoff and groundwater,causing great harm to the exposed receptors.Field-scale biopiles for oil sludge disposal has the advantages of small environmental disturbance,low cost and no secondary pollution.In this study,oil sludge field-scale biopiles operated for 5 years under four different environmental factors were taken as the research object,and analyzes and tests the average well color development(AWCD),diversity indices(Shannon index),TOC,TN,C/N,δ^(13)C_(org) and δ^(15)N_(TN).The results show that adding straw can significantly improve the metabolic activity,diversity and quantity of microorganisms in the oil sludge of straw biopile and combined biopile,and excessive addition of nutrients has an obvious inhibitory effect on the metabolic activity and diversity of microorganisms in the oil sludge of nutrient biopile.Over five years operating,the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the oil sludge of straw biopile and combined biopile increased significantly,and the TOC content decreased significantly.With the increase of the proportion of microbial organic matter in the organic matter of oil sludge of straw biopile and combined biopile,the oil sludgeδ;C;tends to lighten;the microorganisms in the oil sludge of combined biopile mainly use CO(NH;);as the nitrogen source of life activities,and the newly synthesized organic matter component of microbial source has a heavier element composition.