低浓度铀污染地下水的生物还原矿化修复研究进展

Research Progress of Bioreduction Coupled with Biomineralization for Remediation of Low Concentration Uranium-contaminated Groundwater

随着核能资源的开发利用,低浓度铀污染地下水引起的环境问题日益突显,如何高效低耗地处理低浓度铀污染地下水成为当今的研究热点。生物还原和生物矿化是修复低浓度铀污染地下水的2种有效方法,而相关研究主要集中在单一机制上,生物还原耦合生物矿化修复低浓度铀污染地下水的研究还缺少系统报道。文章简述了生物还原和生物矿化的机制、参与微生物以及反应产物的稳定性,论述了生物还原耦合生物矿化修复低浓度铀污染地下水的优势、作用机制,同时从微生物和环境因子2个方面总结了耦合机制修复低浓度铀污染地下水的影响因素,提出生物还原耦合生物矿化修复低浓度铀污染地下水的强化方法,并对该技术的应用前景进行了展望。

With the development and utilization of nuclear energy resources,the environmental problems caused by low concentration uranium-contaminated groundwater have become increasingly prominent.How to treat low concentration uranium-containing groundwater in an efficient and low-consumption manner has become a hot issue today.Both bioreduction and biomineralization mechanisms are effective methods for remediation of low concentration uranium-contaminated groundwater.However,the related studies have focused on a single mechanism,the systematic review on the application of bioreduction coupled with biomineralization for remediation of low concentration uranium contamination was still rare.The mechanisms,microorganisms and the stability of the products of bioreduction and biomineralization were first briefly described.Then the advantages and mechanisms for the bioreduction coupled with biomineralization for remediation of low concentration uranium-contaminated groundwater were illustrated.Moreover,the potential effects of the microorganism and the environmental factors on the remediation efficiencies via bioreduction coupled with biomineralization was also explored.The enhanced strategies via bioreduction coupled with biomineralization for remediation of low concentration uranium-contaminated groundwater were also proposed.Finally,the application prospects of the novel technology were prospected as well.