大同地区变态反应性疾病变应原分布特点

Distribution Characteristics of Allergens in Allergic Diseases in Datong Area

目的 了解大同地区变态反应性疾病变应原分布情况,对该疾病的预防和治疗提供指导依据。方法 采用比较斑点免疫印迹法(dot-IBT)对可疑变态反应性疾病患者1 192例测定变应原特异性IgE抗体,包括吸入组和食入组变应原。结果 1 192例可疑变态反应性疾病患者中,吸入性变应原阳性率为89.8%,食入性变应原阳性率为36.7%。吸入性变应原前6位依次为艾蒿58.31%、普通豚草27.10%、树木组合2(柳树/杨树/榆树)22.40%、律草15.77%、尘螨组合1(屋尘螨/粉尘螨)15.18%、猫毛14.60%。食入性变应原前6位依次为蛋清13.34%、牛奶7.47%、黄豆6.63%、花生6.29%、牛肉4.61%、羊肉4.61%。艾蒿致敏程度较高,阳性级别3级及以上的患者占68%;其他变应原阳性级别多分布于2级及以下。各季节总阳性率分别为春季22.81%、夏季36.57%、秋季26.51%、冬季6.46%。各年龄组总阳性率幼少组29.95%、青年组42.28%、中年组21.39%、老年组6.38%。结论 大同地区变态反应性疾病最主要的变应原为艾蒿,变应原阳性率受季节、年龄的影响并存在一定的规律。

Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of allergens in allergic diseases in Datong area and provide guidance for prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Methods Comparative speckle immunoblotting(dot-IBT) was used to determine allergen specific antibodies IgE in 1192 patients with suspected allergic diseases, including inhaled and ingested allergens.Results 1 192 patients with suspected allergic diseases in Datong, the positive rate of inhaled allergens was 89.8%, the positive rate of ingested allergens was 36.7%. The top 6 positions of inhaled allergens were: artemisia argyi 58.31%, ordinary ragweed 27.10%,tree combination 2(willow/poplar/elm)22.40%, lawgrass 15.77%, dust mites 1(house dust mites/dust mites)15.18%, cat hair14.60%. The top 6 food intake allergens were: egg white 13.34%, milk 7.47%, soybean 6.63%, peanut 6.29%, beef 4.61%, mutton4.61%. Artemisia argyi was highly sensitized, 68% of patients with grade 3 or above;other allergens positive levels were mostly distributed in grade 2 and below. The total positive rates were 22.81% in spring, 36.57% in summer, 26.51% in autumn, 6.46% in winter. The total positive rate was 29.95% in teenager group, 42.28% in young group, 21.39% in middle-aged group, 6.38% in old group. Conclusion The main allergen of allergic diseases in Datong area was artemisia argyi, and the positive rate of allergen was affected by season and age.