畜禽养殖环境中抗生素抗性基因污染与扩散研究进展

Progress of antibiotic resistance gene contamination and diffusion in livestock and poultry farming environments

兽用抗生素的长期使用导致畜禽养殖环境中抗生素抗性基因(Antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)污染日益严重,其在环境中的风险与危害也逐渐引起人们的重视。本文针对畜禽养殖环境中ARGs的污染与扩散情况进行综述,分析了不同畜种、不同国家(地区)间粪便中ARGs的浓度水平差异,并阐述了ARGs在粪便堆肥过程中的变化,以及在不同废水处理工艺中的消长情况。此外,还特别讨论了ARGs通过粪肥施用和气流作用等途径向周围土壤和大气等环境的输入,及其对周围环境介质中天然耐药水平的影响。最后,结合畜禽粪污ARGs的污染现状对今后减少养殖场ARGs排放和扩散的措施进行了总结与展望。

The long-term use of veterinary antibiotics has led to increasing contamination of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in livestock and poultry farming environments,and the risks and negative effects of ARGs in the environment have garnered research attention.In this study,we review the pollution and diffusion of ARGs in livestock and poultry farming environments.We analyzed the differences in the concentration of ARGs in manure between different livestock species and different countries and regions.We elaborate the changes in ARGs during manure composting and the growth pattern of ARGs during wastewater treatments.In addition,we discuss the effects of ARG input to the surrounding soil and atmosphere via manure application and airflow on the natural resistance levels in the surrounding environment media.Finally,based on the pollution status of ARGs in livestock and poultry manure,we summarize and propose measures to reduce the discharge and diffusion of ARGs from livestock farms in the future.