黄淮海平原农区农用地土壤肥力评价及时空变化特征——以山东省博兴县为例

Spatiotemporal characteristics of soil nutrients and fertility evaluation of agricultural land in the Huang Huai-Hai Plain agricultural area:A case study of Boxing County,Shandong Province

为研究近年来黄淮海平原耕地土壤肥力变化情况,摸清土壤肥力变化的影响因素,选取山东省博兴县2007年和2020年土壤肥力数据,运用地统计学方法与指数和法对土壤肥力进行综合评价,并探讨土壤肥力的时空变化特征。结果表明:与2007年相比,2020年博兴县土壤有机质和速效钾的含量增高,有机质由15.13 g·kg^(-1)增加至17.48 g·kg^(-1),速效钾由164.73 mg·kg^(-1)增加至242.80 mg·kg^(-1);碱解氮和有效磷的含量降低,碱解氮由103.20 mg·kg^(-1)降至84.73 mg·kg^(-1),有效磷由39.07 mg·kg^(-1)降至24.99 mg·kg^(-1);土壤pH值由7.79升高至8.28;土壤肥力水平为Ⅰ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅴ级地的面积占比分别下降了13.62、4.14和0.99个百分点,Ⅱ级地的面积占比提高了17.78个百分点,Ⅳ级地的面积占比基本保持不变。总体上看,2007—2020年博兴县土壤肥力的变化受到土壤类型和人为活动因素的共同影响,今后的农业生产应在参考土壤本底值的基础上,采取有效的施肥方式和管理模式,以提高土壤肥力。

In modern agricultural production,with changes in land use patterns,fertilization patterns,and management measures,soil fertility has significantly changed.Affected by factors such as soil type,topography,climate,and organisms,soil fertility conditions are also quite different.Therefore,studying the changes in arable land soil fertility in recent years,as well as identifying the affecting factors of soil fertility could provide a basis for precise soil fertilization and fine soil management.In this study,we selected the soil fertility data of Boxing County,Shandong Province in 2007 and 2020,used geostatistics and index sum methods to comprehensively evaluate soil fertility,and explored the distribution characteristics of soil fertility in time and space.The results showed that,compared with 2007,the organic matter and the available potassium contents of the soil in Boxing County increased in 2020 from 15.13 g·kg^(-1) to 17.48 g·kg^(-1) and from 164.73 mg·kg^(-1) to 242.80 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Moreover,the content of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased from 103.20 mg·kg^(-1) to 84.73 mg·kg^(-1) and from 39.07 mg·kg^(-1) to 24.99 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.Finally,the soil pH value increased from 7.79 to 8.28.The soil fertility level in the area proportion of GradeⅠ,GradeⅢ,and GradeⅤlands decreased by 13.62,4.14,and 0.99 percentage point respectively.The area proportion of GradeⅡland increased by 17.78 percentage point,and the area of GradeⅣland remained basically unchanged.In conclusion,the changes of soil fertility in Boxing County from 2007 to 2020 have been affected by soil types and human activity.In agricultural production,effective fertilization methods and management model should be adopted based on the reference soil background value to improve soil fertility.