基于仿真的地铁站乘客应急疏散

Passengeremergency evacuation at subway station based on simulation

基于MassMotion软件对青岛站地铁站进行客流疏散仿真建模,以社会力模型作为行人动力学模型,以最小成本模型作为行人路径选择的决策机制,研究地铁站内设施设备、拥挤度和出口选择方式对乘客疏散效率的影响,力图为乘客安全疏散管理策略的制定提供参照。研究结果表明,在未达地铁站内最大通行能力时,初始总乘客数对疏散时间影响较小;在达到地铁站最大通行能力时,初始总乘客数对疏散时间影响较大;在疏散前期关闭站厅层或站台层主要设备对疏散时间影响较小,而在疏散后期则会造成总疏散时间延误;乘客以等比例选择疏散出口会延长总疏散时间,但可降低站内最大密度以避免踩踏事故的发生。

The passenger evacuation simulation modeling of Qingdao Railway Station is carried out based on MassMotion software,where the social force model is taken as the pedestrian dynamics model and the minimum cost model is taken as the decision making mechanism of pedestrian path selection.The impact of facilities and equipment,congestion and exit selection on passenger evacuation efficiency is studied,trying to provide reference for the formulation of passenger safety evacuation management strategy.Research results indicate that the initial total number of passengers has little effect on the evacuation time when the maximum capacity of the subway station is not reached,otherwise,the initial total number of passengers has a great impact on the evacuation time.In the early stage of evacuation,closing the main equipment on the station hall floor or platform floor has little impact on the evacuation time,while it will delay the total evacuation time in the later stage of evacuation.Choosing the evacuation exit in equal proportion could prolong the total evacuation time,but reduce the maximum density in the station to avoid stampede accidents.