精准扶贫政策与劳动力市场的双重排斥对贫困地区乡村治理的影响研究——基于6个集中连片贫困地区1045户农户数据

The Impact of the Double Exclusion of the Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policy and Labor Market on Rural Governance in the Poor Areas

改革开放40多年来,随着扶贫政策的不断推进及社会主义市场经济的蓬勃发展,中国乡村治理体系迎来了重要的发展契机,却也面临着严重的信任危机。本文利用2017年中国6个集中连片贫困地区的1045户农户数据,采用多元处理效应模型探究了精准扶贫政策及劳动力市场的双重排斥对中国贫困地区农户乡村治理体系的影响。研究结果表明,首先,精准扶贫政策与劳动力市场均对中国乡村社会治理体系造成了严峻影响,且其影响程度呈现出“差序格局”。其次,相较于精准扶贫政策对贫困地区社会信任稳态的冲击,劳动力市场排斥对农户的冲击影响范围更广,影响程度更大。最后,当精准扶贫政策与劳动力市场对农户造成双重排斥时,农户社会信任将出现系统性失衡。因此,一方面要提高贫困人口识别精度,调整扶贫资源分配结构,加强基础设施建设及地方性市场培育;另一方面要鼓励并保障农业劳动力的非农转移及充分就业,加快农业现代化进程以提高农业人口收入并扩大农业部门就业,进而缓解制度及经济双重排斥对中国贫困地区乡村治理体系的冲击。

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up,with the continuous advancement of poverty alleviation policies and the vigorous development of the socialist market economy,China’s rural governance system has ushered in important development opportunities,but it is also facing a serious crisis of trust.This paper uses the data of 1045 households in 6 contiguous poverty-stricken areas in China,and uses the multinomial treatment effect model to explore the impact of targeted poverty alleviation policies and the double exclusion of the labor market on the social trust of rural households in poor areas in China.The research results show that,first of all,the targeted poverty alleviation policies and the labor market have a severe impact on China’s rural social governance system,and the degree of impact shows “differential order characteristics”.Secondly,compared with the impact of targeted poverty alleviation policies on the stability of social trust in poor areas,the impact of labor market exclusion on farmers is broader and greater.Finally,when the targeted poverty alleviation policies and the labor market cause double exclusion of farmers,the social trust of farmers will be systematically imbalanced.