新冠肺炎疫情中的涉农扶贫企业:生产经营、扶贫带动与政策环境——基于全国1269个涉农扶贫企业调查数据的分析

Agriculture-related Poverty Alleviation Enterprises under the COVID-19 Epidemic:Production and Operation,Poverty Alleviation Drive and Policy Appeal

本文基于1269个涉农扶贫企业的调查数据并辅之以三期实地跟踪调查数据,从生产经营、扶贫带动和政策环境等三个角度分析了疫情对涉农扶贫企业的影响。研究发现,(1)在生产经营方面,疫情对涉农扶贫企业造成了很大冲击,不少企业销售额减少、盈利大幅下降、存在严重的生存危机,土地和劳动力投入以及农产品收购明显收缩。(2)疫情对涉农扶贫企业影响的主要传导机制为“疫情→销售下降→资金周转困难→盈利下降→生产萎缩或者消亡”。(3)在扶贫带动方面,涉农扶贫企业的带动能力明显下滑,贫困户分红和收入均显著下降。(4)在政策环境方面,政府现有支持政策可以在很大程度上缓解疫情对涉农扶贫企业的冲击,但是政策落实情况不容乐观,涉农扶贫企业的政策诉求未得到有效满足,目前主要的诉求集中在金融支持方面。

Based on the data of 1269 agriculture-related poverty alleviation enterprises collected by a telephone survey and online survey,and supplemented by three phases of field tracking surveys data,this paper analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on agriculture-related poverty alleviation enterprises from the perspectives of production and operation,poverty alleviation drive and policy appeal.The main findings are as follows:(1) In terms of production and operation,the epidemic has exerted a great impact on the agriculture-related poverty alleviation enterprises.Many enterprises have experienced a decline in sales volume,a sharp decrease in profits,a severe survival crisis,and a significant contraction in the land,labor input,and agricultural product purchases.(2) The main transmission mechanism of the impact of the epidemic on agriculture-related poverty alleviation enterprises is the epidemic → decline in sales → difficulty in capital turnover → decline in profits → shrinkage of production or extinction.(3) In terms of poverty alleviation drive,the driving capacity of agriculture-related poverty alleviation enterprises has declined significantly,and the dividends and income of poor households have dropped obviously.(4) In terms of policy appeals,the impact of the epidemic on agriculture-related poverty alleviation enterprises can be alleviated to a large extent by state support policies,but the implementation situation is not optimistic.The policy appeals of agriculture-related poverty alleviation enterprises have not been effectively met.At present,the main appeal is financial support.