空军飞行人员颈腰肌运动情况与颈腰椎患病率调查

Investigation of cervical and lumbar muscle exercise and prevalence of cervical and lumbar spine in Air Force flying personnel

目的探究军事飞行人员颈腰肌运动情况与颈腰椎疾病患病率之间的关系, 验证颈腰肌运动对飞行人员颈腰的保护作用。方法自制调查问卷, 采用整群抽样的方法, 抽取不同机种的空军飞行人员进行颈腰肌运动情况与颈腰椎疾病患病率现状问卷调查。按照飞行前是否进行颈腰肌拉伸、飞行后是否进行颈腰肌放松、平时是否进行颈腰肌力量训练等分组, 比较颈腰疾病患病率。采用Logistic回归分析查找颈腰部疾病患病的影响因素, 分析颈腰肌运动对颈腰部的保护作用。结果本次发放调查问卷923份, 收回有效问卷779份, 问卷有效率为84.4%。飞行人员在飞行前不进行颈腰肌拉伸者颈腰椎疾病患病率为36.2%, 进行颈腰肌拉伸者的患病率为27.6%, 二者患病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.217, P<0.05);飞行后不进行颈腰肌放松者患病率为37.9%, 进行颈腰肌放松者患病率为23.7%, 二者患病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.30, P<0.01);平时不进行颈腰肌力量训练者患病率为41.1%, 进行颈腰肌力量训练者患病率为29.8%, 二者患病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.89, P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示, 年龄、飞行后颈腰肌放松、平时进行颈腰肌力量训练都是影响颈腰疾病患病的独立因素。其中, 年龄增大是颈腰疾病患病的危险因素(OR=1.073, 95%CI:1.033~1.114, P<0.01), 而飞行后颈腰肌放松(OR=0.456, 95%CI:0.303~0.686, P<0.01)、平时进行颈腰肌力量训练(OR=0.656, 95%CI:0.463~0.930, P<0.05)都是颈腰疾病患病的保护因素。结论飞行前拉伸、飞行后放松以及平时进行颈腰肌力量训练都能够明显降低飞行人员颈腰疾病患病率。

Objective To explore the relationship between the exercise of cervical and lumbar muscles of military flying personnel and the prevalence of cervical and lumbar spine diseases,and to verify the protective effect of the exercise of cervical and lumbar muscles on cervical and lumbar of flying personnel.Methods A self-made questionnaire and cluster sampling method were used.Air Force pilots of different aircraft types were selected to survey the situation of physical exercise and the prevalence of cervical and lumbar diseases by a questionnaire.Pilots were grouped by if stretching before flight,if relaxing after flight,and if regularly exercising on the strength of cervical and lumbar muscles.The prevalence of the cervical and lumbar diseases was compared.Influence factors were searched by Logistic regression analysis to investigate the protective effect of cervical and lumbar muscle exercise on the neck and waist.Results In this study,779 valid questionnaires out of 923 were obtained.The effective rate of the questionnaires was 84.4%.The prevalence of cervical and lumbar diseases in the flying personnel without cervical and lumbar muscles stretching before flight was 36.2%,while the prevalence of flying personnel with cervical and lumbar muscles stretching before flight was 27.6%.There were significant differences between them(χ^(2)=6.217,P<0.05).The prevalence rate of cervical and lumbar diseases in the flying personnel without cervical and lumbar muscles relaxation after flight was 37.9%,while the prevalence of flying personnel without cervical and lumbar muscles with relaxation after flight was 23.7%.There were significant differences between them(χ^(2)=16.30,P<0.01).The prevalence rate of cervical and lumbar diseases in the flying personnel without regular training was 41.1%,while the prevalence of relaxation after flight was 29.8%.There were significant differences between them(χ^(2)=8.89,P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,relaxing after the flight,and regular training of cervical and lumbar muscles were all independent factors that affected cervical and lumbar diseases.Among them,increased age was the risk factor of cervical and lumbar diseases(OR=1.073,95%CI:1.033-1.114,P<0.01),cervical and lumbar relaxing after the flight(OR=0.456,95%CI:0.303-0.686,P<0.01)and regular training of cervical and lumbar muscles(OR=0.656,95%CI:0.463-0.930,P<0.05)were both protective factors for cervical and lumbar diseases.Conclusions The stretching before flight,relaxing after flight,and regular training of cervical and lumbar muscles can significantly reduce the prevalence of cervical and lumbar diseases in flying personnel.