飞行训练对直升机飞行员飞行疲劳及睡眠的影响

Effects of flight training on flight fatigue and sleep of helicopter pilots

目的分析直升机飞行员飞行训练前后的飞行疲劳状况和睡眠质量变化, 为航空卫生保障工作提供参考依据。方法采用整群抽样方法, 向90名直升机飞行员发放疲劳自评问卷, 统计计算疲劳指数;应用视频闪烁仪测定闪光融合临界频率(critical flick fusion frequency, CFF), 结合疲劳指数评估飞行训练前后飞行员的飞行疲劳状况;采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI)测试训练前后飞行员的睡眠指数及各睡眠因子, 比较不同机型以及飞行训练前后飞行员的疲劳指数及睡眠质量差异。结果本次调查发放2次问卷共180份, 回收有效问卷180份, 有效问卷回收率为100.0%。①年度训练前武装型(55人)与运输型(35人)直升机飞行员的疲劳指数和睡眠指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②训练前高性能武装直升机飞行员的疲劳自评、脑力疲劳、疲劳总分和睡眠指数均高于普通武装直升机飞行员(t=2.227~3.693, P<0.01或0.05), 但两者的CFF差异无统计学意义。③飞行训练后飞行员的躯体疲劳、脑力疲劳以及疲劳总分均明显升高(t=2.383~3.217, P<0.01或0.05), CFF明显降低(t=3.695, P<0.01)。训练后飞行员睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、睡眠药物和日间功能较训练前差异均有统计学意义(t=2.238~21.095, P<0.01或0.05), PSQI明显升高(t=2.050, P<0.05)。④飞行训练后武装直升机飞行员的疲劳自评、躯体疲劳、脑力疲劳及疲劳总分均明显升高(t=2.019~3.297, P<0.01或0.05), CFF明显降低(t=3.926, P<0.01);睡眠效率、睡眠障碍和日间功能较训练前差异有统计学意义(t=12.274、4.338、2.186, P<0.01或0.05), PSQI明显增高(t=2.975, P<0.01)。结论飞行训练对直升机飞行员的飞行疲劳及睡眠质量有显著影响, 重视直升机飞行员训练后飞行疲劳的有效恢复具有重要意义。

Objective To provide reference for relevant aeromedical support by analyzing the changes of flight fatigue and sleep quality of helicopter pilots before and after training.Methods The cluster sampling method was adopted.The fatigue self-assessment questionnaire was issued to 90 helicopter pilots to measure the fatigue index.Video scintillator was used to measure the critical flick fusion frequency(CFF).Combined with the fatigue index,flight fatigue status before and after flight trainings was evaluated.Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)was used to measure the sleep index and sleep factors before and after trainings,and statistical difference was analyzed between aircraft types and training phrases.Results One hundred and eighty questionnaires were given out in 2 surveys and the effective rate was 100.0%.①There was no statistical difference in fatigue index and sleep index between armed helicopter(55 cases)and transport helicopter(35 cases)pilots before the trainings of the year(P>0.05).②The self-reported fatigue,mental fatigue,total score and PSQI of high-performance armed helicopter pilots were higher than those of general-performance armed helicopter pilots before training(t=2.227-3.693,P<0.01 or 0.05).However,there was no statistical difference in CFF.③The physical fatigue,mental fatigue,total score of helicopter pilots increased after trainings(t=2.383-3.217,P<0.01 or 0.05),and CFF was significantly reduced(t=3.695,P<0.01).After trainings,the pilots′sleep quality,sleep latency,sleep time,sleep efficiency,sleep disorders,sleep medications and daytime function were significantly different from those before trainings(t=2.238-21.095,P<0.01 or 0.05),and PSQI significantly increased(t=2.050,P<0.05).④The self-reported fatigue,physical fatigue,mental fatigue,fatigue score of armed helicopter pilots increased(t=2.019-3.297,P<0.01 or 0.05)and CFF significantly reduced after trainings(t=3.926,P<0.01).Their sleep efficiency,sleep disorders and daytime function were significantly different from those before trainings(t=12.274,4.338,2.186,P<0.01 or 0.05),and PSQI significantly increased(t=2.975,P<0.01).Conclusions Flight training has a significant effect on flight fatigue and sleep quality of helicopter pilots.It is important to pay attention to the effective recovery of flight fatigue after flight training.