民用飞机蜚蠊防控技术方案研究及效果评价

Study on the prevention and control protocol of cockroach in civil aircraft and effect assessment

目的探索一种基于有害生物综合治理(integrated pest management, IPM)理念的有效预防控制飞机蜚蠊的技术方案。方法①根据飞机蜚蠊侵害特征及航班运行特点, 对现行蜚蠊防控方法进行改进, 研究提出针对飞机维修阶段实施深度清洁杀灭措施、航班运行过程实施监测-控制及治理飞机蜚蠊侵害途径的IPM蜚蠊防控技术方案;②依据美国汽车工程师学会(Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE)《航空航天材料技术规范:飞机杀虫剂》标准方法对选用药物进行适航性测试与安全评价;③选取40架飞机随机分成两组, 每组20架。一组实施IPM蜚蠊控制方案, 另一组作为对照组实施现行常规方法。参照SN 1553《入出境航空器医学媒介生物监测规范》, 对两组飞机蜚蠊密度进行为期12个月的监测。比较两组飞机蜚蠊侵害率、侵害密度指数, 评价防控效果。结果 IPM组和对照组飞机处理前蜚蠊侵害率分别为75.0%、80.0%, 蜚蠊密度指数M(P_(25), P_(75))分别为8.0(2.0, 24.0)、8.0(2.0, 23.0), 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。处理后IPM组全年蜚蠊侵害率为1.2%, 蜚蠊密度指数M(P_(25), P_(75))为0.00(0.0, 0.1);对照组蜚蠊侵害率为16.6%, 蜚蠊密度指数M(P_(25), P_(75))为2.5(0.0, 5.3), 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。适航实验显示, 本方案选择的蜚蠊杀灭药物, 各项指标符合适航标准。结论本IPM防控方案可有效控制飞机蜚蠊侵害, 降低病媒传播的风险。方案使用的蜚蠊药物符合适航标准, 可安全用于预防控制飞机蜚蠊侵害。

Objective To explore an effective prevention and control protocol of cockroach in aircraft based on integrated pest management(IPM)concept.Methods①The current protocol of cockroach control in aircraft was improved based on the study of cockroach invasion in aircraft and the characteristics of flight operation and the IPM prevention and control protocol was proposed for deeply cleaning and killing cockroach at aircraft maintenance stage,the monitoring and controlling during flight operation and managing cockroach invasion in aircraft.②The selected insecticide was tested for airworthiness and safety in accordance with AMS 1450A Aerospace material specification:disinsectant(insecticide),aircraft that issued by Society of Automotive Engineers.③Forty aircraft were randomly and averagely divided into 2 groups.One group was treated with the IPM cockroach control protocol as IPM group and the other group was treated with the current routine method as the control group.The density of cockroaches in 2 groups had been monitored for 12 months according to SN 1553 Codes of Surveillance for Vector-bonds in Entry-exit Aircraft.The infestation rate and infestation density index of the cockroaches in aircraft were compared between 2 groups to evaluate the control effect.Results Field trials showed that the cockroach infestation rate of 2 groups was 80.0%and 75.0%respectively and the cockroach density index M(P_(25),P_(75))was 8.0(2.0,24.0)and 8.0(2.0,23.0)respectively before treatment.There was no statistical difference between IPM group and control group(P>0.05).By treatment,the cockroach infestation rate in IPM group was 1.2%and cockroach density index M(P_(25),P_(75))was 0.00(0.0,0.1)while the cockroach infestation rate in control group was 16.6%,and the density index of cockroach M(P_(25),P_(75))was 2.5(0.0,5.3).Statistical analysis showed that the density and infestation rate of cockroaches were significantly different between 2 groups(P<0.01).The airworthiness tests showed that the selected insecticides fulfilled the requirements of AMS 1450A.Conclusions The IPM control protocol can effectively control the infestation of cockroaches in aircraft and reduce the risk of vector transmission.The cockroach insecticides used in the protocol meet the airworthiness standards and can be safely used to prevent and control the infestation of cockroaches in aircraft.