飞行员执行重大任务期间情绪状态的调查

Investigation on emotional state of the pilots during major tasks

目的探讨军事飞行员在执行重大任务期间的情绪状态和在不同任务阶段的典型负性情绪及其产生原因, 为制定飞行员航卫保障心理方案提供依据。方法采用中文版布鲁奈尔心境量表, 对141名歼击机飞行员任务准备阶段、执行任务前、任务中、任务后的情绪状态进行测评, 分别对量表得分和测评阳性率进行描述性统计分析;结合飞行员实际经验与飞行员开展现场访谈, 探讨负性情绪的产生原因。结果测评得分>1分的负性情绪得分由高到低依次为"筋疲力尽的""担心的""有不确定感的""疲惫不堪的""焦虑的""疲倦的""紧张不安的"。飞行员对这7种情绪的自评阳性率均>80%;飞行员在任务准备、任务前、任务中和任务后各阶段分别有2~5种典型负性情绪。情绪产生原因多由任务适应、任务期间上下级人际沟通及家庭3个方面因素引起。3种正性情绪测评得分均>2.8分, 且飞行员自评阳性率均为100%;飞行员在任务准备和任务前正性情绪较高, 任务中正性情绪出现明显下降, 任务后正性情绪有所回升。结论歼击机飞行员在执行重大任务期间存在明显的负性情绪, 应以心理干预的形式及时给予相应的支持和保护, 特别是在加强飞行员任务适应、人际交往和家庭和谐方面。

Objective To provide references for improving the psychological support to fighter pilots by the investigation on their emotional states and typical negative emotions in different task stages and common causes during major tasks.Methods The Chinese version of Brunel Mood Scale was used to evaluate the emotional states of 141 high performance fighter pilots in the stages of assignment,pre-task,in-task and post-task.The scores of the scale and the positive rate of the evaluation were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Combined with the on-the-spot interview of pilots′actual experience,the causes of negative emotions were discussed.Results The negative emotions with the score greater than 1 were"exhausted""worried""uncertain""extreme fatigue""anxious""tired""nervous".The positive rate of pilots′self-evaluation of 7 emotions was more than 80%.There were 2-5 typical negative emotions in each stage of the task,which were mainly caused by 3 factors:task adaptation,interpersonal communication and family.The scores of 3 positive emotions were more than 2.8,and the positive rate of pilots′self-assessment was 100%.Positive emotions were higher in the first 2 stages,decreased significantly in the task stage and increased slightly after the task.Conclusions The apparent negative emotions exist among the high performance fighter pilots in major tasks.The corresponding regulations and protections should be applied in time in the form of psychological intervention,especially on the maintenance of task adaptation,interpersonal communication and family harmony.