餐厨浆液沼渣与黑水虻虫粪共堆肥效能研究

Effects of co-composting biogas residue of kitchen organic slurry and black soldier fly larval frass

为研究餐厨有机浆液厌氧沼渣与黑水虻虫粪共堆肥的效果,本研究设计5组混合比(沼渣∶虫粪):T1(4∶0)、T2(3∶1)、T3(1∶1)、T4(1∶3)和T5(0∶4),进行了为期30 d的堆肥实验。结果表明:与T1相比,T2、T3、T4和T5的硝态氮含量分别提高了72.63%、77.93%、88.69%和85.99%。T2处理组堆料具有最高的有机质降解率(13.80%),堆肥产品具有较高的腐殖质含量(107.55 g·kg^(-1))、胡敏酸含量(79.20 g·kg^(-1))和胡富比(2.79)。堆肥30 d后,各处理组种子发芽指数均超过80%,其中T1~T4处理组超过100%。随着虫粪比例的增加,堆料电导率显著升高(P<0.05)。研究表明,添加虫粪可加强固氮作用、提高堆肥产品肥效,同时共堆肥可提高有机质降解率、强化腐殖化进程,但是过量虫粪会增加堆料盐度,对植物生长有一定影响,综合效果显示,沼渣和虫粪配比为3∶1时堆肥效果最佳。

The effects of co-composting biogas residue of kitchen organic slurry(BR)and black soldier fly larval frass(LF)were investigated in this study.Five mixing ratios(BR∶LF)were designed:T1(4∶0),T2(3∶1),T3(1∶1),T4(1∶3),and T5(0∶4).Composting experiments were conducted for 30 days.The results demonstrated that compared with the nitrate nitrogen content in T1,it increased by 72.63%,77.93%,88.69%,and 85.99%in T2,T3,T4,and T5,respectively.In addition,the highest organic matter degradation rate,humic substance content,humic acid content and HA/FA were obtained in the T2 treatment with values of 13.80%,107.55 g·kg^(-1),79.20 g·kg^(-1) and 2.79, respectively. After 30 days of composting, the seed germination index of each treatment group exceeded 80%, of which T1~T4 exceeded 100%. However, the electrical conductivity of the composting product increased significantly with an increase in LF(P<0.05). The results indicate that the addition of LF can strengthen nitrogen fixation and improve the fertilizer efficiency of composting products. Meanwhile, co-composting can improve the organic matter degradation rate and enhance the humification process. Nevertheless, excessive LF increases the salinity of composting, and thus, produces a certain negative influence on plant growth. A comprehensive comparison of all indicators revealed that the optimal composting group was obtained when the BR∶LF ratio was 3:1.