液体火箭推进剂N_(2)O_(4)中毒机制及救治研究进展

Research progress on mechanism and treatment of N_(2)O_(4) injury from rocket propellant Chen

目的综述国内外关于液体火箭推进剂四氧化二氮(nitrogen tetroxide,N_(2)O_(4))引起的组织损伤、中毒机制及救治措施的研究进展。资料来源与选择国内外相关领域公开发表的相关文献资料。资料引用引用国内外公开发表文献51篇。资料综合N_(2)O_(4)是一种无色气体或液体,易分解为二氧化氮,具有易燃、易爆、强氧化性和有毒性等特点。在运输和使用过程中,N_(2)O_(4)泄露有可能引起中毒、爆炸事件,严重威胁从业人员身心健康。吸入N_(2)O_(4)初期可出现眼及呼吸道刺激症状,严重者表现为肺水肿和急性呼吸窘迫综合征。长期接触有可能导致特发性肺纤维化,且N_(2)O_(4)中毒者同时受到爆炸的冲击伤,增加救治难度。大量实验研究表明,维生素E、丹参等可降低N_(2)O_(4)引起的氧化应激和炎性反应,但实际救治时因缺乏特效解毒剂,多采用给氧、纠正肺水肿等对症治疗。结论N_(2)O_(4)中毒可引起呼吸道炎症和肺水肿等急性呼吸系统损伤,也可导致纤维化或其他器官损伤等慢性疾病,多采取对症和支持治疗。提示需对N_(2)O_(4)进行深入研究,阐明其作用的分子机制,为临床救治提供帮助。

Objective To summarize the research progress on tissue damage,poisoning mechanism and treatment measures for the injury caused by liquid rocket propellant nitrogen tetroxide(N_(2)O_(4))in China and foreign copuntries.Literature resource and selection The literatures published in the related fields at home and abroad.Literature quotation Fifty-one references were cited.Literature synthesis N_(2)O_(4)is currently a commonly used liquid rocket propellant,which is a colorless gas or liquid and easy decomposition into nitrogen dioxide.It has the characteristics of flammability,explosive,strong oxidation and toxicity.In the process of propellant transportation and usage,poisoning and explosion accidents caused by N_(2)O_(4)leakage occurred from time to time,which seriously threatened the physical and mental health of employees.Early inhalation of N_(2)O_(4)may cause eye and respiratory tract irritation,and severe ones included pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome.Long-term exposure may lead to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis,and the difficulty of treatment N_(2)O_(4)for poisoning patients was increasedwheninjured by the blast of the explosion at the same time.A large number of experimental studies have shown that vitamins E and radix salviaemiltiorrhizae(RSM)can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by N_(2)O_(4).However,due to the lack of specific antidotes in actual treatment,symptomatic treatments such as oxygen administration and correction of pulmonary edema were often used.Conclusions N_(2)O_(4)poisoning can cause acute respiratory system damage,such as respiratory tract inflammation and pulmonary edema and also lead to chronic diseases,such as fibrosis or other organ damages.Symptomatic and supported treatment is often used in the process of treatment.It indicated that further study of N_(2)O_(4)is needed to clarify the molecular mechanism of its action,so as to provide help for clinical treatment.