纯电动汽车乘员舱冬季热负荷特性研究

Study on Heat Load Characteristics of Passenger Compartment for Pure Electric Vehicle in Winter

纯电动汽车乘员舱冬季采暖热负荷的设计计算是纯电动汽车进行热力计算与系统设计的主要依据。由于冬季采暖热负荷会造成纯电动汽车续航里程的大大缩短,因此,确定纯电动汽车的冬季采暖热负荷的特性,对于系统的设计和优化十分重要。本文采用稳态传热法对纯电动汽车冬季热负荷特性进行了研究,结果表明:冬季采暖热负荷主要由新风负荷和通过车体围护结构传入的热量,且该负荷随着车速和新风量的增加而增大。在-20℃时,随着车速和新风量的变化,总负荷变化范围为3888~8704 W,新风负荷占比为57.4%~66.5%。

The design and calculation of winter space heating load for a pure electric vehicle cabin is the basis for thermal calculation and system design.Due to the existence of space heating load in winter,the mileage of a pure electric vehicle will be greatly reduced.Therefore,it is of vital importance to determine the characteristics of space heating in winter of a pure electric vehicle for the design and optimization of the system.A steady-state heat transfer method is conducted to investigate the space heating load in winter for the pure electric vehicle.The results show that the heat load in winter is mainly composed of the fresh air load and the heat input through the car body envelope structure,and the heating load increases with the increasing vehicle speed and fresh air volume.At-20℃,with the change of vehicle speed and fresh air volume,the total load varies from 3888-8704 W,and the fresh air load accounts for 57.4%-66.5%.