G/G/k模型下面对时间敏感顾客的即时服务平台供需协调问题研究

Research on Supply and Demand Coordination of On-Demand Service Platform Facing Time-Sensitive Customers Under G/G/k Model

服务方通过一个即时服务平台为时间和价格均敏感的顾客提供服务,平台决定服务价格和服务方工资.基于即时服务平台的特征建立随机需求排队模型,将G/G/k排队模型等待时间函数引入顾客效用中,研究影响平台决策的市场因素.首先分析使用固定支付比例时平台的最优决策特征,然后扩展到使用动态支付比例的即时服务平台决策模型,并进行数值实验.研究表明,当需求增加时,平台应收取更高的价格,而当供给增加时,由于同时提高价格同样有可能提高收入,固定支付比例模型中平台并不一定要降低服务方工资.当需求波动性增大时,平台应同时提高价格和工资以避免因为服务水平下降引起的需求损失;当供给波动性增大时,平台应在提高工资同时降低价格以保证供给.

The service provider provides services to time-sensitive and price-sensitive customers through an on-demand service platform that determines the service price and the service provider’s wages.Based on the characteristics of the on-demand service platform,a stochastic demand queuing model is established,and the waiting time function of G/G/k queueing model is introduced into customer utility,and how the market factors affect platform decision are studied.Firstly,the optimal decision characteristics of the platform with a fixed payment ratio are analyzed,then the model is extended to the on-demand service platform with a dynamic payment ratio,and numerical experiments are carried out.The research shows that when the demand increases,the platform should charge a higher price,but when the supply increases,the platform does not have to reduce the wage of the service provider in the fixed payment ratio model since they could gain more profit by raising the price at the same time.When the demand volatility increases,the platform should raise prices and wages at the same time to avoid the demand loss caused by the decline of service level.When supply volatility increases,platforms should raise wages and lower prices to ensure supply.