从人的存在方式看马克思的人学革命--《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的人学价值

On the Revolution of Karl Marx’s Hominology from the Perspective of the Ways of Human Existence:The Value of Huminology in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是马克思人学思想的第一次系统化表述,是马克思主义人学思想史上的第一座“里程碑”。在这部被低估的早期著作中,马克思超越了以往哲学家对“人”的认识,深刻揭示了人的六种存在方式:人在自然中存在,人在活动中存在,人在关系中存在,人在意识中存在,人在需要中存在,人在历史中存在。《手稿》对人的六种存在方式的揭示,意味着人学史上的深刻变革,实现了对传统人学的超越。

The first elaboration of Karl Marx’s thought of hominology should be found in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844,which is the first“milestone”in the history of Marxist thought of hominology.In this work of his early years that has been always underestimated,Marx goes beyond previous philosophers’understanding of human and reveals six ways of human existence:the existence of human in the nature,the ex⁃istence of human in activities,the existence of human in relations,the existence of human in consciousness,the existence of human in needs,and the existence of human in history.The revelation of the six ways of human existence in the Manuscript means a profound change in the history of hominology and has surpassed traditional hominology.