保护儿童网络隐私权的企业责任

The Responsibility of Enterprises to Protect Children’s Online Privacy

儿童由于认知能力不足、好奇心强以及消费行为活跃等原因,成为网络环境下企业收集和处理个人信息的主要对象之一,这往往导致其隐私权等权利面临更为复杂的受侵害的风险。尽管在国际和国内层面的法律制度以及行业自律规则中都规定了企业尊重和保护儿童网络隐私权的人权责任,但是当前企业运营各环节的实践活动却缺乏符合儿童特殊需要的、覆盖所有儿童主体和整个信息生命周期的系统性规则,不仅忽视了儿童群体因年龄、性别等方面的能力差异造成的不平等保护,也忽略了监护权与儿童独立隐私权、保护与促进参与发展的平衡问题,这些都不利于儿童在网络环境下的成长和发展。因此,应促使企业在保护儿童的网络隐私权方面,针对他们特殊的心理和社会发展的需要,进一步完善针对儿童的隐私保障政策、细化监护人同意制度,充分开展儿童网络隐私权的影响评估,为儿童网络隐私权提供技术和网络素养的赋权,促进其更好地利用网络技术,全面实现发展目标。

Due to insufficient cognitive ability,strong curiosity and active consuming behavior,children have become one of the main resources of collecting and processing of personal information by enterprises in the net⁃work environment,which often leads to more complex risks of infringement of their rights such as right to priva⁃cy.Although the responsibility of enterprises to respect and protect children’s online privacy is stipulated in the international and national legal system and in the industry self-discipline rules,the current practical activi⁃ties in all aspects operation of enterprises lack systematic rules that meet the special needs of children,covering all children and the entire information life cycle,which not only ignore the unequal protection caused by differ⁃ences in the ability of children due to age,gender,etc.,but also ignore the balance between guardianship and children’s independent right to privacy,protection of children and promotion of their participation in develop⁃ment.None of this is conducive to the growth and development of children in the online environment.Therefore,enterprises should be urged to protect children’s online privacy,in response to their special psychological and social development needs,further improve the privacy policy for children,refine the guardian informed consent system,fully carry out the online privacy impact assessment,provide technical and network literacy education to empowerment children and promote their better use of network technology to fully achieve development goals.