河北省血液质控现状调查及主要问题分析

Current situation and main problems of blood quality control in Hebei province

目的了解血站质控实验室现状和存在问题,为今后质控实验室能力建设提供参考。方法收集全省12家血站2020年常规采供血量、血液成分制备量、血液抽检比例与频次、结果等基本运行情况,结合主要血液成分监测指标的变化特征,对全省血液成分质量监控效果进行分析。结果省内各血站对血液成分制备品种各不相同;常规抽检数量、频次等要求并未一致;基本没有累计数据的回顾性分析;虽然对于血液成分质量监控的频次、抽样量等能符合《WS/T550-2017全血及成分血质量监测指南》、《血站技术操作规程(2019版)》最低要求,但与实际采集、制备量不相匹配,检测因抽样量少致使合格率及可信度不稳定;以月为检测单位的质量检查会形成碎片化的判断误区,不利于系统性分析和持续改进采供血过程。结论在全省采供血全过程规范化不断增强的背景下,可以积极探索基于省内一致性血液质量监测机制,从抽检规则、统计分析及可比口径数据比对等多个环节上推动建立理念和执行共识,促进全省血液质量监测同质化建设。

Objective To investigate the status quo and existing problems of quality control laboratory of blood stations in Hebei province,and to provide reference for the capacity building of quality control laboratory in the future.Methods The data of routine blood collection and supply,blood component preparation,blood sampling ratio/frequency,and sampling results among 12 blood stations in Hebei in 2020 were collected.The monitoring effect of blood component quality in Hebei province,combined with the indicator changes of main blood components,were analyzed.Results Blood component preparation from blood stations in Hebei are different.The requirements for the number and frequency of routine sampling in each apartment are not standardized,and retrospective analysis was not conducted basically.Although the frequency and sampling of blood component quality monitoring can meet the minimum requirements of the Quality Monitoring Guidelines of Whole Blood and Blood Components 2017 and Technical Operating Regulations of Blood Stations(2019 Edition),but does not match the actual collection and preparation units.The qualification rate and reliability are unstable due to the small sample size.Monthly quality inspection can result in judgment errors,which is not conducive to systematic analysis and continuous improvement of blood collection and supply process.Conclusion In the context of continuous enhancement of blood collection and supply standardization in Hebei Province,the blood quality monitoring mechanism based on intra-province consistency can be further studied to standardize intra-province homogenization of blood quality monitoring in multiple links including sampling rules,statistical analysis and data comparison calibers.