发展正义视角下的中美碳排放话语对比研究

Comparative Study of Sino-U.S.Carbon Emission Discourses from the Perspective of Justice-based Development

碳排放是一个全球性发展问题,各国无论大小,均应承担相应的减排义务。从发展正义的角度看,经济公正、政治公正和伦理公正是为各国所共同遵循的原则。应对气候变化发达国家与发展中国家应承担相同但又有区别的减排义务。中国所主张的碳排放话语强调共同、差异、发展和以人为本等,凸显碳减排的公平正义与可持续发展属性;美国所主张的碳排放话语在表现形式上与中国具有一定相似之处,比如共同、责任、以人为本等,但是其本质是否认差异、发展阶段性等问题,且蕴含着对碳减排话语权和议程设置的主导性倾向。

Carbon emission is a global development issue for each nation who,large or small,should undertake the corresponding responsibilities with the justice-based development concerning economy,politics,and ethics as the essential principle.Therefore,both developed and developing countries should take common but differentiated responsibilities over this issue.The carbon emission discourses proposed by China highlight such views as common denominator,differentiation,development and people first,embodying justice-based and sustainable development.Meanwhile,the discourses held by the United States bear some resemblance in certain respects like having common ground,being people-oriented,etc.,but deny such issues as the phases of development and the differentiated responsibilities,suggesting the dominance in discourse power and emission agenda setting.