良知与理气--基于“精一”“精神”“精灵”的分析论

Conscience and Rationality--Analysis based on“jing yi”,“jing shen”,and“jing ling”

王阳明的良知概念涵摄“精一”之精的理面向与“精神”之精的气面向。前者涉及阳明对朱子“精一”之理的反思,后者涉及阳明吸收道教“精气神”的思想诠释良知。在朱子,“精一”之理基于认知心来觉察,并非心的自然呈现。阳明则认为相关感应下的自然生发作为心之生意,直接呈现灵明之理,进而指出理与生发之气关联为良知之生发流行。这点进一步反映在他借助“精气神”的思想,诠释良知为精明之气的感应流行。基于此,他推及良知为灵明自知的生生流行,以天地万物为精灵的生生化成。良知经由这一诠释展现良知生生流行的思想,阳明理气的内涵基于良知生生彰显的灵明义与流行义来理解。

Wang Yangming’s concept of conscience includes two aspects:the rational aspect of“jing”in“jing yi”,and the spiritual aspect of“jing”in“jing shen”,with the former as Wang’s reflection on Zhu Xi’s idea of“jing yi”,and the latter his absorption of Taoist thought of“jing qi shen”to illustrate his idea of conscience.For Zhu,the principle of“jing yi”,is perceived on the base of cognitive mind,rather than the natural revelation of mind.However,Wang believed that what that is derived from the mind,as the natural generation under relative interactions,directly manifests the law of“ling ming”.He further pointed out that reason and the spirit generated are combined as conscience to develop and prevail,which is also reflected in his borrowing of the thought of“jing qi shen”to illustrate conscience as the induced prevalence of the“jing ming”spirit.Based on this,he analyzed that conscience is the self-development of“ling ming”,generated from the essence of all the things in the universe.His analysis has brought about the thought of the development of conscience,and the understanding of the connotation of rationality from the aspects of“ling ming”and prevalence based on the development of conscience.